All
 
|
 
 


MULTIPLICITY OF SOULS IN POETIC ANTIQUARIAN TRADITION OF ANCIENT ROME
 
PIIS032103910024932-8-1
DOI10.31857/S032103910024932-8
Publication type Article
Status Approved
Authors
Tatiana Bobrovnikova 
Occupation: assistant professor
Affiliation: Advanced Educational Scientific Center of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow, Kremenchugskaya str., 11
Abstract

The paper investigates how the Romans imagined human soul in the Republican and early Imperial times. It is based on the comparative historical study of Ennius’ poetical narrative compared to the works composed by the antiquarian poets Virgil and Ovid, who witnessed the funeral ritual that was still practiced under the Augustus reign, and relied on the works of Varro and other Roman antiquaries. The second important source shedding light on these fragmentary data includes material of comparative religious studies. Relying on their diachronic analysis the author argues that initially the Romans ascribed to any human being multiple souls. After funeral one of them was believed to remain in the grave with her earthly remains. The other one went to Afterlife and was deified as di manes. Obviously, the Romans distinguished also other sorts of souls, but their nature and number are not completely clear due to the lack of sources dating the pre-Republican period.

Keywordscult of dead, multiplicity of human souls, manes, shadows (umbrae), antiquarian poets, comparative religious studies
Received07.06.2023
Number of characters25234
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register. 
1. Bodel, J. 2004: Death, the Afterlife, and Other Last Things: Rome. In: S.I. Johnston (ed.), Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide. Cambridge, MA, 489–492.
2. Boissier, G. 1914: Rimskaya religiya ot vremen Avgusta do Antoninov [Roman Religion from the reign of August to the Antonins dynasty]. Moscow.
3. Borg, B.E. 2019:Roman Tombs and the Art of Commemoration. Contextual Approaches to Funerary Customs in the Second Century CE. Cambridge.
4. Carroll, M. 2006: Spirits of the Dead: Roman Funerary Commemoration in Western Europe. Oxford.
5. Champlin, E. 1991: Final Judgments: Duty and Emotion in Roman Wills, 200 B.C. – A.D. 250. Berkeley.
6. Chernetsov, V.N. 1959: [Soul in beliefs of the Ob-Ugrians]. In: Issledovaniya i materialy po voprosam pervobytnykh verovaniy. Trudy Instituta etnografii AN SSSR [Studies and materials on issues of primitive beliefs. Proceedings of the Institute of ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR]. Moscow, 52, 114–156.
7. Cumont, F.V.M. 1922: After Life in Roman Paganism. Lectures delivered at Yale University of the Silliman Foundation. New Haven.
8. Cumont, F.V.M. 1949: Lux perpetua. Paris.
9. Davies, J.P. 2004: Rome’s Religious History: Livy, Tacitus and Ammianus on Their Gods. Cambridge.
10. Dupont, F. 1989: The Emperor-God’s Other Body. In: M. Feher (ed.), Fragments for a History of the Human Body. New York, 3, 396–419.
11. Edwards, C. 2007: Death in Ancient Rome. New Haven, London.
12. Erasmo, M. 2008: Reading Death in Ancient Rome. Columbus.
13. Evans, J.K. 1985: The Cult of the Dead in Ancient Rome and Modern China: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of Royal Asiatic Society 25, 119–151.
14. Feeney, D. 1998: Literature and Religion at Rome. Cambridge.
15. Flower, H.I. 2006: The Art of Forgetting: Disgrace and Oblivion in Roman Political Culture. Chapel Hill, NC.
16. Foulon, A. 1987: La mort dans la poesie augusteenne. In: Hinard, F. (ed.), La mort au quotidien dans le Monde Romain, Paris, 351–363.
17. Fowler, Warde W. 1899: The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic. London.
18. Frazer, J.G. 1929: Commentary to the Book II. In: J.G. Frazer (ed.), Ovidii Nasonis, Publii, Fastorum libres sex, London, II, V.
19. Groot, J.J.M., de. 1964: The Religious System of China, Taipei, IV.
20. Haughton, L.B.T. 2011: Death Ritual and Burial Practice in the Latin Love Elegists. In: V.M. Hope, J. Huskinson (eds.), Studies on Roman Death, Oxford, Oakville, 61–77.
21. Herbert-Brown, G. (ed.), 2003: Ovid’s “Fasti”: Historical Readings at Its Bimillenium. Oxford.
22. Hinard, F. (ed.), 1987: La mort au quotidien dans le Monde Romain. Paris.
23. Hinard, F. (ed.), 1995: La mort, les morts et l’au-dela dans le Monde Romain. Caen.
24. Hope, V.M. 2011: Introduction. In: V.M. Hope, J. Huskinson (eds.), Memory and Mourning. Studies on Roman Death. Oxford, Oakville, XI?XXIV.
25. Hope, V.M., Huskinson, J. (eds.), 2011: Memory and Mourning. Studies on Roman Death. Oxford, Oakville.
26. Ionova, Yu.V. 1969: [Religious views of the Koreans after the collections of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]. In: Kul’tura narodov zarubezhnoy Azii i Okeanii. Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii [Culture of the peoples of foreign Asia and Oceania. Collected papers of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]. Leningrad, XXV, 158?187.
27. Ivanov, V.V., Toporov, V.N. 1990: [Kaschey / Koscheithe Immortal]. In: E.M. Meletinskii (ed.), Mifologicheskiy slovar’ [Mythological dictionary]. Moscow, 278.
28. Janssen, L.F. 1981: Some Unexplored Aspects of devotion Deciana. Mnemosyne 34, 3/4, 357–381.
29. Jordan, D. 1985: A Survey of Greek Defixiones not Included in the Special Corpora. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 26, 2, 151–197.
30. King, C.W. 1998: The Living and the Dead: Ancient Roman Conceptions of the Afterlife. PhD Dissertation. Chicago.
31. King, Ch.W. 2020: The Ancient Roman Afterlife. Di manes, Belief and Cult of Dead. Austin.
32. Knysh, A. 2018: Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism. Princeton.
33. Lattimore, R. 1962: Themes in Greek and Latin Epitaphs. Urbana.
34. Levkievskaia, E.E. 2013: [The dychotomy of soul / dead in the Polessie’s beliefs in posthumous human fate]. In: Umbra. Demonologiya kak semioticheskaya sistema. Moscow, 2, 177–194.
35. Lindsay, H. 2000: Death-Pollution and Funerals in the City of Rome. In: V.M. Hope, E. Marshall (eds.), Death and Disease in the Ancient City. London, 152–173.
36. MacMullen, R. 1982: The Epigraphic Habit in the Roman Empire. American Journal of Philology 103: 233–246.
37. MacMullen R. 2014: The end of ancestor worship: affect and class. Historia 63: 487-513. Perepelkin, Yu.Ya. 2000: Istoriya drevnego Egipta [History of Ancient Egypt]. Saint Petersburg.
38. Phillips, C.R. 1983: Rethinking Augustan Poetry. Latomus 42, 780–817.
39. Radcliffe, G.E. III. 2019: Drowning down the Moon. Magic in Ancient Greco-Roman World. Princeton.
40. Reid, J.S.1921: State of the Dead (Greek and Roman). In: J. Hastings (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. New York, 11, 838–841.
41. The Annals of Q. Ennius. Edited with introduction and commentary by Otto Scrutsch. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1985
42. Scullard, H.H. 1981: Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic. Ithaca, New York.
43. Shternberg, L.Ya. 1936: Pervobytnaya religiya v svete etnografii [Primitive religion in the light of ethnography]. Leningrad.
44. Thomas, C.M. 2005: Placing the Dead: Funerary Practice and Social Stratification in the Early Roman Period at Corinth and Ephesos. In: D.N. Schowalter, S.J. Friesen (eds.), Urban Religion in Roman Corinth: Inter disciplinary Approaches. Cambridge, MA, 281–304.
45. Toynbee, J.M.C. 1971: Death and Burial in the Roman World: Aspects of Greek and Roman Life. London.
46. Turaev, B.A. 1935: Istoriya drevnego Vostoka [History of Ancient East]. Leningrad.
47. Underwood, H.G. 1908: The Call of Korea: Political, Social, Religious. New York, Chicago.
48. Warmington, E.H. (ed. and transl.), 1979: Remains of Old Latin. Ennius and Caecilius. Cambridge, MA.
49. Yuang Mei. 1977: Novye zapisi Tsi Se ili o chem ne govoril Konfutsiy [Tsi Se new notes or what K’ung Fu-Tzu did not speak about]. Moscow.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up