In the presented work an attempt is made to consider the modernization policy of the Republic of China – Taiwan, to identify its positive and negative sides. Specificity of the dichotomy “traditional - modern” is revealed as a synthesis of democratic and Confucian value systems, on the basis of which a special model of modernization – Confucian capitalism was formed. Particular attention is paid to the role of Sun Yatsen, the first political leader of the Chinese Republic, as well as the stages of transition from the agrarian stage of development to the industrial and post-industrial secrets of the “Taiwan miracle”. In terms of the sociocultural methodology developed by the author, the strategy for modernizing Taiwan is defined as innovation-catching. The analysis leads to the conclusion: despite the enormous modernization achievements, the historically conditioned deficit of intellectual capital, as well as the rate on economic success to the detriment of the socio-cultural development of society and the human factor as a whole, limit Taiwan's ability to move to an innovation-advanced modernization. In the opinion of the author, the societies of the post-Soviet space that are in transition need to learn the experience of sociocultural achievements of various countries in order to adopt only the best development strategies, and the analysis of the experience of Taiwan's modernization allowed the author to give such recommendations. Thus, the application of the author's theory of sociocultural methodology to a particular country can be viewed as a step towards the creation of a scientifically developed sociocultural strategy for the modernization of societies in the post-Soviet space.