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Modern Trends in Legal Regulation of Electricity Storage in the Russian Federation and Foreign Countries
 
Код статьиS231243500028023-3-1
DOI10.61525/S231243500027973-8
Тип публикации Статья
Статус публикации Опубликовано
Авторы
Кологерманская Екатерина Михайловна 
Должность: Legal Advisor of PromHim LLC
Аффилиация: PromHim LLC
Адрес: Российская Федерация,
Название журналаПравовой энергетический форум
ВыпускВыпуск № 3
Страницы42-51
Аннотация

The modern fuel and energy complex is in the process of reformation. It is undergoing the fourth energy transition, which is aimed at increasing the role of renewable energy sources. Electricity storage systems are one of the energy technologies that can have an impact on the timely solution of the set goals and objectives. The Russian Federation has developed a number of strategic planning documents in this area, but the legal regulation of electricity storage systems is at the stage of adoption of special legislative acts, and some aspects require further updating. In this regard, it seems necessary to study modern trends in the legal regulation of electricity storage systems in foreign countries. In this article we study the legal experience of some states, which are members of the European Union, namely Germany and Italy, and BRICS member states — Brazil and China. It should be emphasized that the selected countries represent different approaches and levels of legal regulation in the area under study. The results of the study can be used for the development of the Russian energy legislation in order to reduce the barriers to the application of electricity storage systems.

Ключевые словаenergy law, energy legislation, electricity storage systems
Получено18.05.2023
Дата публикации12.10.2023
Кол-во символов28749
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1 Introduction
2 With the comprehensive and multi-dimensional energy transition, the modern fuel and energy sector is undergoing reform stages worldwide. The electric power industry is also undergoing significant changes due to the development of the renewable energy sector, the expansion of electric vehicle fleets, the introduction of hydrogen energy, etc.
3 Thus, energy (and especially electricity) storage systems are a complex subject of research. On the one hand, such systems contribute to the further development of the energy sector, ensuring the technological principle of balance of production and consumption levels, as well as uninterrupted power supply to consumers. On the other hand, electricity storage systems can be considered a rapidly developing class of high-tech equipment opening new opportunities for power engineering development.
4 The importance of this field is also confirmed by some statistical forecasts. According to RUSNANO, in 2025 the world market of electricity storage systems will amount to about USD 80 billion. In the optimistic scenario, the Russian market by that time will reach USD 8 billion per year (in the realistic scenario – USD 1.5–3 billion per year). The economic impact (net of investments) will amount to USD 11 billion per year (in the realistic scenario – USD 2.5–5 billion per year) [1].
5 It should be noted that energy storage offers a number of opportunities for independent developers, producers, grid operators and consumers (ranging from large to household energy consumers) and other parties involved in the electric power sector.
6 At the same time, however, electricity storage systems significantly change the current architecture of electricity and capacity markets, as they allow the elimination of the mandatory condition, in particular, the constraint of simultaneous electricity generation and consumption, as well as the active introduction of demand management and price arbitrage technologies [2].
7 As a result, at present it is difficult to speak of a full legal regulation of the field under study, which leads to some problems in the implementation of energy projects. For example, high operating costs (including the cost of batteries and technologies), difficulties in the initial qualification of energy facilities, uncertainty of taxation and network charges, etc.
8 In this regard, it seems necessary to study the current trends of state legal regulation of electricity storage systems in foreign countries.
9 Thus, in addition to analyzing modern legislative measures in this area at various levels in the Russian Federation, the article examines the legal experience of some countries that are members of the European Union, namely Germany and Italy, and BRICS member states – Brazil and China.
10 I. Russian Federation
11 The prospects for the development of electricity storage systems (ESS) in the Russian Federation seem quite promising. For example, according to the expert and analytical report “The Electricity Storage Systems Market in Russia: Development Potential” prepared by the Center for Strategic Research, the maximum volume of the Russian segment of the ESS market may reach USD 8.6 billion per year by 2025 (a realistic estimate of the market is USD 1.5–3 billion per year). This will have an impact on the country’s economy (net of investments) of USD 11 billion per year (for a realistic market volume — USD 2.5–5 billion per year) [3].
12 However, the current situation in the power industry is that market players are already building and operating ESS projects. Meanwhile, the conceptual aspects of legal regulation and legal status of these energy facilities are still unresolved [4].
13 According to the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035, the formation of the market for electricity storage systems is one of the key measures for solving the problems of the power industry. The strategic document defines the areas that play a role in the development of electricity storage systems, namely:
14 (1) Development of competitive storage devices with high charging and discharging currents, long cycling life, and compact low-cost storage devices.
15 (2) Development of storage devices with high energy intensity and low capital cost, including those based on pneumatic or hydrogen systems.
16 (3) Development of high-efficiency water electrolyzers and compact hydrogen storage and transportation systems.
17 In 2017, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation published the Concept for the Development of the Electricity Storage Systems Market in the Russian Federation, which is aimed at identifying priorities and key measures for creating a new high-tech electricity storage systems industry in Russia. Among other things, the Concept defines the following aspects:
18 (1) Identifies priorities and measures for creating a new promising industry in Russia.
19 (2) Identifies the main scenarios for the development of the electricity storage systems market.
20 (3) Formalizes development priorities such as:
21 1. Battery storage systems of low and medium capacity with long lifetime and low operating costs.

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