China on the eve of the 20th cpc congress (the core of the party, new bipolarity, the economy of deceleration)

Occupation: Head of Research, Center for Asia Pacific Studies
Affiliation: Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)
Address: 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

Sergei A. Lukonin

Affiliation: Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)
Address: 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

Journal name

Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia

Edition

Volume 66 Issue 6

Pages

5-16

Abstract

In the last quarter of 2021, a number of important events that consolidated the previously outlined trends in China's development took place but with new significant nuances. In early November, the 6th plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing, at which, in the official interpretation of the Communist Party of China, the “third historic resolution” was adopted. In fact, it formalized Xi Jinping's monopoly on political power on the eve of the 20th CPC Congress scheduled for autumn 2022, at which Xi is planned to be re-elected as the CPC General Secretary for a third term. In mid-November, an online Summit of Xi and Joe Biden took place, confirming the current course of both sides to develop relations with a “new bipolarity in the context of globalization” emerging around the Sino-American confrontation. In December, the white paper titled “China: Democracy That Works” was published in Beijing. In parallel with the increasing intensity and scale of China's propaganda and diplomatic offensive, it revealed a new detail in Beijing's approaches to bipolar confrontation with the United States – namely, the inclusion of the topic of “democracy” and “value orientations” of world development in the sphere of confrontation. New peculiarities have emerged in the economy. At the December economic meeting of the CPC Central Committee, the views of the Chinese leadership on the country’s near economic future were presented to the public much more cautiously than before. In Chinese foreign policy propaganda, the role of China's main partner in the fight against American hegemony, through which Beijing seeks to strengthen the “Chinese pole” of the “new bipolarity”, is assigned to Russia. In addition to the growing volumes of economic and military cooperation and political interaction, Beijing counts on Moscow's support in matters significant for active Chinese diplomacy in promoting Chinese ideas of democracy and the “Community of Common Destiny for Mankind” theory as the most important universal reference point in the world ideological and political space.

Keywords

world economy, international relations, China, foreign policy, economic development model, Russian-Chinese relations

Received

17.01.2022

Publication date

20.06.2022

Number of characters

39252

Cite

GOST	Mikheev V., Lukonin S. China on the eve of the 20th cpc congress (“the core of the party”, “new bipolarity”, the economy of deceleration) // Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia – 2022. – V. 66. – Issue 6 C. 5-16 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ras.jes.su/meimo/s013122270020733-7-1-en (circulation date: 27.04.2024). DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-6-5-16
MLA	Mikheev, Vasily V, Lukonin, Sergei A "China on the eve of the 20th cpc congress (“the core of the party”, “new bipolarity”, the economy of deceleration)." Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia 66.6 (2022):5-16. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-6-5-16
APA	Mikheev V., Lukonin S. (2022). China on the eve of the 20th cpc congress (“the core of the party”, “new bipolarity”, the economy of deceleration). Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia 66(6), pp.5-16 DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-6-5-16

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ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ

ВНУТРИПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ

КИТАЙСКО-АМЕРИКАНСКАЯ КОНФРОНТАЦИЯ

КНР И ЯДЕРНОЕ ВООРУЖЕНИЕ

КИТАЙСКИЙ ОТВЕТ

ДЕМОКРАТИЯ И ИДЕОЛОГИЯ

ЭКОНОМИКА ЗАМЕДЛЕНИЯ


1	ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ
2	В конце 2021 г. произошло несколько знаковых событий, которые закрепили уже ранее обозначившиеся тенденции в развитии Китая, но при этом с новыми существенными нюансами.
3	Первое. В начале ноября в Пекине прошел 6-й Пленум Центрального комитета Коммунистической партии Китая 19-го созыва, на котором была принята, в официальной партийной трактовке, “третья историческая резолюция”, по сути оформившая монополию председателя КНР и генерального секретаря КПК Си Цзиньпина на политическую власть в преддверии намеченного на осень 2022 г. 20-го Съезда КПК [ист. 1].
4	Второе. В середине ноября состоялся онлайн Саммит Си Цзиньпина и президента США Джо Байдена, подтвердивший нынешний курс обеих сторон на развитие отношений при “новой биполярности” в условиях глобализации, формирующейся вокруг китайско-американского противоборства [1].
5	Третье. В декабре в Пекине при огромной пропагандистской поддержке партийного аппарата выходит китайская “Белая книга по демократии”, что параллельно с нарастающим по интенсивности и масштабности пропагандистски-дипломатическим наступлением Китая выявило новый нюанс в подходах Пекина к биполярному противоборству с Вашингтоном [ист. 2]. А именно: включение в сферу конфронтации темы “демократии” и “ценностных ориентиров” мирового развития.
6	Четвертое. Еще один нюанс связан с экономической сферой: прошедшее в декабре заседание ЦК КПК по экономической работе в 2022 г. продемонстрировало значительно более осторожные, чем раньше, и даже более пессимистичные взгляды китайского руководства на ближайшее экономическое будущее страны [2].
7	ВНУТРИПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ
8	Внутриполитическое развитие Китая подчинено проведению 20-го съезда КПК, на котором Си Цзиньпин, как предполагается, должен быть избран на третий срок в качестве Генерального секретаря ЦК КПК, что, хотя формально это и не запрещено в уставе партии, идет вразрез с “заветами” Дэн Сяопина и что в свое время не смогли сделать предшественники Си Цзян Цзэминь и Ху Цзиньтао.
9	В этом контексте присвоение статуса “третьей исторической” резолюции ноябрьского Пленума имеет вполне конкретный смысл и означает вступление КПК в новейший этап своего развития. “Первая историческая” резолюция Пленума ЦК КПК была принята в 1945 г. при Мао Цзэдуне и провозглашала курс на создание Китайской Народной Республики. “Вторая историческая” резолюция была принята при Дэн Сяопине и датируется 1981 г., когда Дэн осудил “культурную революцию”, но в то же время отдал должное заслугам Мао за создание КНР и начало индустриализации страны.
10	Нынешняя “третья историческая” резолюция объявляет Си “ядром партии” (а не только “ядром ЦК” как это было сделано в 2016 г.), поднимая его на исторический уровень, сравнимый с уровнем Мао и Дэна. Си наряду с Мао фактически становится еще одним “человеком номер один” в партийной истории, поскольку его внесенные в устав КПК идеи о “социализме с китайской спецификой в новую эпоху” носят более актуальный характер, чем идеи Дэна о просто “социализме с китайской спецификой”, относящиеся к прежней эпохе.

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