China's interests and activities in the Antarctic. The potential for synergy with Russia and Latin American countries

 
PIIS0044748X0028574-0-1
DOI10.31857/S0044748X0028574-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Affiliation: Institute of China and Modern Asia, RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameLatin America
EditionIssue 12
Pages49-62
Abstract

As a state claiming for a leading position in the current system of international relations, China could not ignore the Antarctic. In recent years, one has seen China’s systematic efforts aimed at expanding its presence in the Antarctic. At the same time, Russia, which enjoys a reputation of an esteemed polar power, and the countries of Latin America, which are closest to the Antarctic, remain important players in this part of the world. Focusing on the development of China’s priorities and activities in the Antarctic, the article discusses opportunities for Russia, China and Latin American states to develop the region together.

KeywordsAntarctic, Russia, China, Latin America
Received03.05.2023
Publication date05.12.2023
Number of characters27916
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