The Present Opportunity for a Recovery of the Real Liberal International Order: the Liberal International Order and the Illiberalism

The article examines the liberal international order, its evolution and decline, draws on opinions of critics, journalists, diplomats and scholars. The author analyzes the reasons and stages of the decline of traditional liberal order, as well as its transformation into neoliberal democracy. The presidencies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush stand out as a period in which the international order begins to change its nature. In addition, the article touches upon the consequences of hyper globalization in the context of the formation of neoliberal democracy. As a result of this analysis, the author raises the problem of not understanding the essence of illiberal democracies.

Keywords

international order, liberalism, democracy, hyper-globalization, illiberal democracies

Received

14.09.2021

Publication date

05.12.2021

Number of characters

18992

Cite

GOST	de'Robertis A. The Present Opportunity for a Recovery of the Real Liberal International Order: the Liberal International Order and the Illiberalism // ISTORIYA – 2021. – V. 12. – Issue 11 (109) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840017639-1-1 (circulation date: 22.07.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840017639-1
MLA	de'Robertis, Antonio "The Present Opportunity for a Recovery of the Real Liberal International Order: the Liberal International Order and the Illiberalism." ISTORIYA 12.11 (109) (2021) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840017639-1
APA	de'Robertis A. (2021). The Present Opportunity for a Recovery of the Real Liberal International Order: the Liberal International Order and the Illiberalism. ISTORIYA 12(11 (109)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840017639-1

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 169

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Kissinger H. The Coronavirus Pandemic Will Forever Alter the World Order // The Wall Street Journal. 79. 4—5 April 2020. P. 17.

2. Wolf M. Davos: The liberal international order is sick // Financial Times. 23 January 2018.

3. Haas R. How a World Order Ends // Foreign Affairs. January/February 2019.

4. Lind J., Wohlforth W. C. The Future of the Liberal Order Is Conservative // Foreign Affairs. March/April 2019.

5. Haas R. World Order 2.0 // Foreign Affairs. January/February 2017.

6. Ikenberry G. J. Liberal Leviathan: the origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. Princeton, 2011.

7. Mearsheimer J. Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order // International Security. 43:4. 2019. P. 7—50.

8. Parsi V. E. Titanic. Il naufragio dell’ordine liberale. il Mulino, 2018.

9. Bush G., Scowcroft B. A World Transformed. N. Y., 1999.

10. Hendrickson D. C. The Recovery of Internationalism: Stemming the Isolationist Impulse // Foreign Affairs. September/October 1994.

11. Secretary-general annual report to the Assembly, 20 September 1999 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.un.org/press/en/1999/19990920.sgsm7136.html (data obrascheniya: 03.11.2021).

12. Responsibility to Protect. Sixty-third session Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, 14 September 2009 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/about-responsibility-to-protect.shtml (data obrascheniya: 03.11.2021).

13. PDD 25. Establishing U.S. Policy on Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd25.htm (data obrascheniya: 03.11.2021).

14. Ignatius D. Innocence abroad: the new world of spyless coup // Washington Post. 22 September 1991.

15. Gordon P. H. The false promise of Regime Change // Foreign Affairs. September/October 2020.

16. Zakaria F. The Rise of Illiberal Democracy // Foreign Affairs. November/December 1997.

17. Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe Final Act [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/c/39501.pdf (data obrascheniya: 03.11.2021).