All
 
|
 
 


International Law and the policy of Western states in the period between the World wars (To the 80th anniversary of the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR)
 
PIIS102694520015622-5-1
DOI10.31857/S102694520015622-5
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Alexander N. Savenkov 
Occupation: Director of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Affiliation: Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameGosudarstvo i pravo
EditionIssue 6
Pages7-62
Abstract

Among the fundamental tasks of modern legal science, ensuring proper coverage of the history of those events and processes that influenced the emergence of the greatest catastrophe of the twentieth century – the Second World War – remains of lasting importance. It is in the perspective of a legal view of the history of the Second World War that the inhumane crimes of Nazi Germany and its allies turned from the historical events described in the chronicles into an edifying verdict of humanity handed down to the perpetrators of these crimes, primarily in Nuremberg. However, today, 80 years after the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR, unfortunately, we have to state that many things for those who unleashed the Second World War are deliberately forgotten. An attentive historian of law and state will certainly pay attention to how the militant rhetoric that serves to create an atmosphere of isolation, the search for the enemy, not only does not disappear, but is updated and "improved". Many important pages of history in the period between the two World wars are deliberately suppressed, subjected to false interpretations. In this regard, it is absolutely necessary (both in scientific and educational, and in socio-cultural terms) to refer to the documentary reconstruction of the history of the activities of states and international law in the period between the two World Wars, since this allows not only to restore historical justice, but also to significantly clarify the relevant role of individual political figures, international agreements and other relevant historical events.

Marking the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and the 76th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany and militaristic Japan, it is also necessary to recall who prepared and unleashed the war, who attacked whom, who fought against whom, and who is falsifying its history at the present time.

The fundamental theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the consistent justification of the position that the protection of the historical memory of mankind about the bloodiest and most criminal event in its history should be part of the legal sovereignty of the Russian Federation.

Keywordsstate, law, victory, law, international order, great powers, world domination, new world order, war, aggression
Received15.06.2021
Publication date28.06.2021
Number of characters258465
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 810

Readers community rating: votes 0 

1. 1941th year: in 2 books. Book 1 / comp. L.E. Reshin et al.; ed. V.P. Naumov; intro. art. A.N. Yakovlev. M., 1998 (Ser. "Russia. XX century. Documents" / ed. by A.N. Yakovlev) (in Russ.).
2. XVIII Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (b). March 10-21, 1939: verbatim report. M.; L., 1939 (in Russ.).
3. António Gutteres: The sacrifices of the USSR in the name of Victory should never be forgotten. URL: https://ria.ru/20200509/1571160884.html  (in Russ.)
4. Antonov I.P., Seliverstov M.V. Formation and development of the theory of state sovereignty in the works of German scientists of the XVII - XIX centuries. 2013. No. 8 (164). DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.8.9128 (in Russ.).
5. Blok M. Strange defeat. The testimony recorded in 1940 / transl. from French. E.V. Morozova. M., 1999. P. 146, 152 - 154 (in Russ.).
6. Winkler G.A. Weimar 1918 - 1933: the history of the first German democracy / transl. from German E.E. Zemskova, A.I. Savina. M., 2013. P. 5 (in Russ.).
7. Foreign policy of the USSR: collection of documents / ed. by S.A. Lozovsky; ed. and ed. approx. B.E. Shtein; comp. A.S. Tisminets. M., 1945. Vol. III (1925 - 1934). P. 582, 583, 587, 588; 1946. Vol. IV (1935 - June 1941). P. 21, 343, 548, 550, 551 (in Russ.).
8. The Second Congress of people's deputies of the USSR. December 12-24, 1989 Stenographic report. M., 1990. Vol. IV. P. 377 - 404, 612–614 (in Russ.).
9. Grebennik K.E. Khasansky diary. Year 1938 / lit. record of S. Murasov, E. Cornet. Repulse to provocateurs: essays / A.T. Ushev. Vladivostok, 1978. P. 18 - 53 (in Russ.).
10. Dimitrov G.M. Selected works: in 2 vols. Sofia, 1967 - 1968. Vol. 1: 1906 - 1937. P. 453 - 484 (in Russ.).
11. Documents of the foreign policy of the USSR / Komis. according to the publication diplomatic. documents: A.A. Gromyko (Chairman) and others M., 1957. Vol. 1 (November 7, 1917 - December 31, 1918) / editorial Board I.N. Zemskov et al. P. 11 - 15, 119 - 205, 211 - 213, 437 - 453, 463 - 467, 469, 470, 593 - 595; 1958. Vol. 2. January 1, 1919 - June 30, 1920 / editorial Board G.K. Deev et al. P. 339 - 354; 1959. Vol. 3 (July 1, 1920 - March 18, 1921) / editorial Board G.A. Belov et al. P. 28 - 42, 47 - 60, 101 - 116, 265 - 282, 536 - 544, 550 - 553, 597 - 604; 1960. Vol. 4. 19 March 1921 - 31 December 1921 / editorial Board L.S. Gaponenko et al. P. 445, 476 - 480, 679; 1961. Vol. 5. January 1 - November 19, 1922 / editorial Board A.E. Bogomolov et al. P. 58, 59; 1966. Vol. 11. 1 January – 31 December 1928 / editorial Board M.S. Kapitsa et al. P. 436, 437, 503 - 506; 1970. Vol. XVI. 1933. P. 494–496 (in Russ.).
12. Documents of the foreign policy of the USSR. Tula, 2010. Vol. 25: 1942: in 2 books. Book 1: January 2 - December 30, 1942 (in Russ.).
13. Documents and materials of the eve of the Second World War, 1937 - 1939: collection: in 2 vols. / editorial Board A.P. Bondarenko et al., 1981. Vol. 1: November 1937 - December 1938. P. 334, 335 (in Russ.).
14. History of foreign policy and diplomacy of the United States, 1867 - 1918 / editorial Board G.P. Kuropyatnik (ed.) et al. M., 1997. P. 38, 59 (in Russ.).
15. History of diplomacy: in 3 vols. / ed. V.P. Potemkin. M.; L., 1945. Vol. III. Diplomacy in the period of preparation for the Second World War (1919 - 1939). P. 383 - 388 (in Russ.).
16. History of diplomacy: in 5 vols. / ed. A.A. Gromyko, I.I. Zemskov, V.A. Zorin et al. 2nd ed., reprint. Vol. 3. Diplomacy at the first stage of the general crisis of the capitalist system. P. 423, 426, 427, 573 (in Russ.).
17. Klyuchnikov Yu. V. Versailles peace treaty / full transl. from French original ed. by Yu. V. Klyuchnikov and A. Sabanin; with an introduction by Yu. V. Klyuchnikov and a subject index. M., 1925. XXXI. P. III - V (Results of the Imperialist War: a series of Peace Treaties; I) (in Russ.).
18. Klyuchnikov Yu. V., Sabanin A. International politics of modern times in treaties, notes and declarations. Part 1. From the French Revolution to the imperialist war. M., 1925. P. 270, 271, 300, 301, 304 - 306, 321 - 325, 356 - 360, 363, 364 (in Russ.).
19. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and Plenums of the Central Committee (1898 - 1988) / under the general editorship of A.G. Egorov, K.M. Bogolyubov: in 16 vols. 9th ed., supplement. and rev. M., 1983. Vol. 2: 1917 - 1922. P. 375; M., 1984. Vol. 3: 1922 -1 925. P. 424 - 443 (in Russ.).
20. The Communist International in documents. Decisions, theses and proclamations of the congresses of the Comintern and the plenums of the ICCI. 1919 - 1932. M., 1933. P. 531 (in Russ.).
21. Kosmach V.A. Reasons and the beginning of the Second World War: some clarifications and reassessments // Metamorphoses of history. 2016. No. 8. P. 211 - 230 (in Russ.).
22. Krasheninnikova V. Yu. (resp. ed.). The anti-Hitler coalition 1939 — the formula for failure. M., 2019. P. 321–331 (in Russ.).
23. Kuropyatnik G.P. Seizure of the Hawaiian Islands by the United States. M., 1958 (in Russ.).
24. Lenin V.I. Imperialism and the split in socialism // Lenin V.I. The complete collection of works. Vol. 30. P. 163 - 165, 170 (in Russ.).
25. Lenin V.I. On the slogan of "disarmament" (a work written in October 1916, was published in December in the "Collection "social-Democrat"" (№ 2)) // Lenin V.I. The complete collection of works. Vol. 30. P. 155, 156 (in Russ.).
26. Lenin V.I. On the separate world // Social-Democrat. 1916. No. 56; Lenin V.I. The complete collection of works. Vol. 30. P. 185, 186 (in Russ.).
27. Lyubin V.P. On the unavailability of post-imperial society for democracy (Winkler G.A. Weimar 1918 - 1933: the history of the first German democracy / transl. from German E.E. Zemskova, A.I. Savina. M.: ROSSPEN, 2013. – 878 pp.) // Politiya. Analysis. Chronicle. Forecast (Journal of Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics). 2013. No. 4 (in Russ.).
28. Molchanov R.V. The coup d'etat Yu. Pilsudsky 1926 and the position of Great Britain // Herald of Kant BFU. Ser.: Humanities and Social Sciences. 2007. No. 12. P. 57 - 61 (in Russ.).
29. Naumov A.O. Diplomatic struggle in Europe before the Second World War: history of the crisis of the Versailles system. M., 2007. P. 147 (in Russ.).
30. The Nuremberg trials: materials. M., 1954. Vol. II. P. 948, 949, 957, 959, 960, 964, 966, 968 - 975, 984, 988 - 990, 1001–1006 (in Russ.).
31. Osipov G.V. How many of our soldiers died in the great Patriotic war? // Komsomolskaya Pravda. 2010. 27 Apr. (in Russ.).
32. The causes of the Second World War. Documents and comments / ed. by A. Samsonov. M., 1988. P. 169, 170 (in Russ.).
33. 103 US rounds of sanctions are already in effect against Russia. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.A. Dynkin. Speech at the opening of the scientific and expert forum "Primakov Readings-2021" "Modern challenges to the world order", June 8, 2021 (in Russ.).
34. The Fifth World Congress of the Third Communist International. June 17 - July 8, 1924: stenographic report. M.; L., 1925. Part 2. P. 121, 122 (in Russ.).
35. Savenkov A.N. State and law during the crisis of modern civilization. M., 2020. P. 448 (in Russ.).
36. Collection of existing treaties, agreements and conventions concluded with foreign states. M., 1938. Issue IX. Existing treaties, agreements and conventions that entered into force before January 1, 1937. No. 330. P. 45 - 52 (in Russ.).
37. Collections of documents on international politics and International Law / ed. by K.V. Antonov. The Pact of Four. Disarmament. The Manchurian conflict. Exit of Germany and Japan from the League of Nations. M., 1934. Issue VI. January 1, 1933 - January 1, 1934. P. 3 - 21 (in Russ.).
38. Systematic history of international relations: 1918 - 1991: in 4 vols. / ed. A.D. Bogaturov. M., 2000. Vol. 1. Events of 1918 - 1945 (in Russ.).
39. Sorel A. Europe and the French Revolution: op., awarded. Fr.akad. big prizes Gobert'a / transl, from French with a Foreword Professor SPb. University of N.I. Kareev. Vol. 1 - 8. SPb., 1892 - 1908. Vol. 8 (in Russ.).
40. Stalin I.V. Report at the XVIII Congress of the party on the work of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) on March 10, 1939, M., 1952 (in Russ.).
41. Tocqueville A. de Democracy in America / transl. V.T. Oleynik et al. M., 2000 (in Russ.).
42. Transformation of the paradigm of law in the civilizational development of mankind: reports of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences / under the general editorship of A.N. Savenkov. M., 2019. P. 408 (in Russ.).
43. Thatcher M. The art of government. Strategies for a changing world / transl. from English. M., 2003. P. 358 (in Russ.).
44. Urlanis B. Ts. History of military losses. Wars and the population of Europe. Human losses of the armed forces of European countries in the wars of the XVII - XX centuries (historical and statistical study). SPb, 1994. P. 220, 226 (in Russ.).
45. Yazov D.T. Loyal to the Motherland. M., 1988. P. 164 (in Russ.).
46. Jaspers K. The meaning and purpose of history / transl. from German M., 1991. P. 164 (in Russ.).
47. Bullock Alan Louis Charles. Hitler, a Study in Tyranny. London: Odhams Press, 1952. P. 135, 958.
48. Carr E.H. The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939. London, 1946.
49. Churchill W.S. Alliance with Russia, June 22nd 1941. URL: https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1941-1945-war-leader/the-fourth-climacteric/ 
50. Churchill W.S. His Complete Speeches, 1897 - 1963. January 1, 1974. Vol. III: 2771.
51. Churchill W.S. The Threat of Nazi Germany, November 16th 1934. URL: https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1930-1938-the-wilderness/the-threat-of-nazi-germany/ 
52. Dörr O. Gewalt und Gewaltverbot im modernen Völkerrecht. October 2004. Universität Osnabrück.
53. Fisk Harvey E. The inter-ally debts: An analysis of war and post-war public finance, 1914 - 1923. New York. Bankers Trust Company. January 1, 1924. Р. 365.
54. Foch F. De la conduite de la guerre; la manoeuvre pour la bataille. Berger-Levrault. Paris, 1909.
55. Foch F. Des principes de la guerre : conférences faites à l'École supérieure de guerre ([Reprod.]) / par le lieutenant-colonel d'artillerie F. Foch. Berger-Levrault. Paris, 1903.
56. Fortier J. L'Alsace dans la Grande Guerre – La chute de l'Empire – La journée des deux Républiques, Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace.
57. Frei N. Vergangenheitspolitik. Die Anfänge der Bundesrepublik und die NS-Vergangenheit. München, 1996. P. 464.
58. Graf Ferdinand Czernin von und zu Chudenitz. Versailles, 1919: The Forces, Events, and Personalities that Shaped the Treaty. Capricorn Books, 1965. Р. 437.
59. Hillgruber A. Hitlers Strategie Politik und Kriegführung 1940 - 1941. Frankfurt a. M., 1965. S. 566, 567, S. 572.
60. Hokubu Futsuin Shinchu ni Kansuru Iwayuru ‘Matsuoka-Henry’ Kyotei” (“So-called ‘Matsuoka-Henry’ Pact Concerning Advance into Northern French Indochina,” August 30, 1940, in Gaimusho (Foreign Ministry) / ed. Nihon Gaiko Nenpyo Narabini Shuyo Bunsho (Chronology of Japanese Diplomacy and Important Documents), Vol. 2, Hara Shobo, 1965. P. 446 - 448.
61. International Military Tribunal for the Far East / ed. by B.V.A. Röling, C.F. Rüter. Amsterdam, 1977.
62. Jackson R.H. Nuremberg in Retrospect: Legal Answer to International Lawlessness. URL: https://www.roberthjackson.org/speech-and-writing/nuremberg-in-retrospect-legal-answer-to-international-lawlessness/ 
63. James T.C.G. The Battle of Britain [RAF Official Histories] / ed. by S. Cox. London, 2000.
64. James Robert R. Churchill: a Study in Failure, 1900 - 1939. World Publishing Company, 1970. P. 400.
65. Jaspers K. Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte. Die gegenwärtige Situation der Welt. Herausgegeben von Kurt Salamun.  Schwabe AG, Мuttenz / Basel, Schweiz, 2017. S. 122.
66. Kissinger H. World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History. Penguin. September 9, 2014.
67. L'arrangement relatif à l'indépendance et à l'intégrité de la Chine. Commission des archives diplomatiques, Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, Documents diplomatiques français, 1940, tome II / ed. P.I.E. Peter Lang. Bruxelles, 2009. P. 28, note 1.
68. Morgenthau H.J. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. Fifth Edition, Revised. New York, 1978. P. 4 - 15.
69. Noel-Baker Philip. Nobel Lecture. Peace and the Arms Race. December 11, 1959.
70. Overy R., Wheatcroft A. The Road to War. London, 1989. Р. 175.
71. Pribram A.F. The Secret Treaties of Austria-Hungary, 1879 - 1914. Cambridge, 1920. Vol. I. Р. 27.
72. Rothbard M.N. What Has Government Done to Our Money? Ludwig von Mises Institute, fi fth ed. 2010. P. 95, 96.
73. Schmitt Bernadotte E. Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, 1902–1914 // The American Historical Review, Apr., 1924. Vol. 29. No. 3. Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association. Р. 449 - 473. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1836520.pdf 
74. Stegemanns H. Geschichte des Krieges. Stuttgart und Berlin, 1917. S. 67, 69, 70.
75. Tardieu A. La Paix. Preface de Georges Clemenceau. Paris, 1921. P. XIX - XXIII.
76. The Nuremberg Trial and International Law / ed. by G. Ginsburg (Law School, Rutgers University, Camden) and V.N. Kudryavtsev (U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences). Dordrecht/Boston/London, 1990. P. 1, 2.
77. Vergangenheitsbewältigung / by E. Jesse, K. Löw. Berlin, 1997.
78. Welles S. The Time for Decisions. New York, 1944. P. 431.
79. Wright Q. A Study of War. Chicago. Abridged by Louise Leonard Wright. University of Chicago Press. 2nd ed. November 15, 1983. Р. 58.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up