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Reflections on the “Anthropology of Time” and Regimes of Temporalities: Discussion Forum [Razmyshleniia ob “antropologii vremeni” i rezhimakh temporal'nosti: repliki k diskussii]
 
PIIS086954150017937-0-1
DOI10.31857/S086954150017937-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Michail G. Agapov 
Affiliation: University of Tyumen
Address: Russian Federation, Tyumen
Zinaida Vasilyeva
Affiliation: Munich Center for Technology in Society, Technical University of Munich
Address: Germany, Munich
Asya Karaseva
Affiliation: European University at St. Petersburg
Address: Russian Federation
Vera Kliueva
Affiliation: Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of Northern Development Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Address: Russian Federation
Anna Kruglova
Affiliation: National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Andrei Nevskii
Affiliation: Sociological Institute of the RAS – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Stanislav S. Petriashin
Occupation: researcher
Affiliation: The Russian Museum of Ethnography
Address: Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Natalia Sedova
Affiliation: Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Ilyа Shteynberg
Affiliation: Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameEtnograficheskoe obozrenie
Edition№6
Pages104-128
Abstract

This is a forum discussion of the article “The Anthropology of Time: History and the State of the Art” by Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov. Authors explicate the article’s main argument and critically engage with its main points, particularly with the concept of temporal multiplicity and relations within it. In doing so, they both complement Ssorin-Chaikov’s overview of the history and contemporary state of the anthropology of time and point out some of the directions in which this field might develop in the future.

Keywordsanthropology of time, temporality, singularity, multiplicity, history of anthropology, anthropological theory
AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by the following institutions and grants: Russian Foundation for Basic Research, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261 [project numbers 19-09-00126 and 18-05-60108] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 [D-A-CH]
Publication date23.12.2021
Number of characters64894
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Table of contents

ГИБРИДНАЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТЬ: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННАЯ МОБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РИТМЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
НЕСКОЛЬКО МЫСЛЕЙ ОБ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТИ И О ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТИ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ В ЭПОХУ АНТРОПОЦЕНА
ОНТОЛОГИЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТИ?
ПРОСТРАНСТВО, ВЫРАЖЕННОЕ ЧЕРЕЗ ВРЕМЯ
О ТОТАЛЬНОСТИ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОЙ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ
БЕДСТВИЕ И ПРЕРЫВНОСТЬ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
ВРЕМЯ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ И ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТЬ АНТРОПОЛОГА
МАЛЫЙ ГОРОД С НЕМАЛОЙ ИСТОРИЕЙ И “ЮНЫЙ” ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЙ ГИГАНТ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ ВРЕМЕНИ
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ГИБРИДНАЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОСТЬ: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННАЯ МОБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РИТМЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
2 © М.Г. Агапов
3

Описывая концепции времени нуэров, Эдуард Эванс-Притчард различает структурное и экологическое время. Первое указывает на происходящие в определенной последовательности события, связанные с отношениями нуэров друг с другом в социальной структуре, а второе – на события, связанные с их отношениями с окружающей средой. Николай Ссорин-Чайков в свою очередь показывает, как они взаимосвязаны в “отношения обмена” между ними на ряде примеров, в том числе и из собственной полевой работы (см. также Ssorin-Chaikov 2000; 2003; 2016; 2017). Этот аспект обсуждаемой работы представляется мне наиболее интересным.
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С момента публикации классических трудов Дюркгейма и Мосса экологическое время считалось временем “архаических” и “традиционных” обществ. Но как справедливо замечает Тим Ингольд, оспаривая предложенное Э. Томпсоном различение проблемно-ориентированного экологического и временно-ориентированного искусственного (часового) времени, на фундаментальном уровне современные люди остаются такими же проблемно ориентированными, как и люди архаичных обществ (Ingold 2000: 323–338). Работы современных авторов показывают высокую продуктивность концепта экологического времени для понимания сложносоставной темпоральности нашего высокотехнологичного мира (Ingold 2000; Петряшин 2017; Гончаров 2019; Карасева, Момзикова 2019). Более того, Ссорин-Чайков рассматривает экологическое время как основополагающее для “глубокого времени” и антропоцена.
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Обсуждаемая статья подтолкнула меня к размышлениям о “гибридности” времени. Поясню это понятие, но начну с пространственного фактора. Эванс-Притчард указывал, что ритмы экологического времени точнее всего определяются по тем явлениям, от которых зависит передвижение людей (Evans-Pritchard 1940). Рассмотрим это при помощи моих полевых наблюдений на Обском севере в 2019 г. Предметом моего исследования были плавучие магазины (плавмагазины, далее ПМ). В период нефтегазового освоения севера Западной Сибири типовые самоходные ПМ широко применялись для снабжения геологов, нефтяников, газовиков и строителей (Соколова 2017). “Золотой век” ПМ пришелся на середину 1990-х – начало нулевых, когда платежеспособность и потребительский спрос населения северных территорий уже заметно возросли, но слабая транспортная инфраструктура еще не могла обеспечить поступление товаров в требуемом объеме. В этих условиях ПМ оказались чрезвычайно прибыльным бизнесом. Им занялись предприниматели из портовых городов южной части Обского бассейна – Тобольска, Тюмени, Омска, Томска. Сегодня ПМ – это уже уходящая натура. Их число заметно сократилось к середине 2010-х гг., когда наземные пути сообщения дотянулись до большинства населенных пунктов Средней и Нижней Оби, в некоторые из которых пришли крупные торговые сети.

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