Karl Jaspers’ Phenomenology and the Potential of Interdisciplinary Research into Self-Consciousness

 
PIIS023620070006441-2-1
DOI10.31857/S023620070006441-2
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Occupation: Associate Professor
Affiliation: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Address: 10/ 2, Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
Occupation: Associate Professor
Affiliation: Samara State Medical University
Address: 89, Chapaevskaya Str., 443099 Samara, Russian Federation
Journal nameChelovek
EditionVolume 30 Issue №5
Pages56-75
Abstract

The article deals with new opportunities in the study of self-consciousness provided by an interdisciplinary approach. The authors regard the approach of Karl Jaspers (a philosopher, a psychologist, and a clinician) who viewed self-consciousness as an object of phenomenology. That approach serves as the basis for future interdisciplinary studies. Applying of the phenomenological approach to the study of self-consciousness disorders can serve as a starting point for new clinical research. That research can, in its turn, produce practical results for psychological science and, at the same time, prompt new philosophic interpretation of self-consciousness.  An interdisciplinary view of the self-consciousness allows to fill methodological gaps, to find solutions of conceptual and applied problems. At the same time, the basis for interdisciplinary studies of self-consciousness should be developed by philosophers, since there is an issue of answering to worldview problems. Self-consciousness is the «core» of a Human being, so without its proper understanding, both philosophical analysis and clinical psychopathological studies would be incomplete. The authors take a view that an interdisciplinary approach allows filling the methodological gaps, particularly in psychiatric studies. Using Jaspers’ phenomenological approach the authors suggest a working model of self-consciousness, which can be pragmatically useful for specialists in the field of mental health: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists. The model incorporates a necessary and sufficient list of specific functions of self-consciousness. Disorder of any of the functions is a sign of a psychiatric disorder that can be very useful for practicing psychiatrists and psychologists. On the other hand, this model can be useful for philosophers who employ phenomenological analysis as it can help to develop a more adequate picture of a modern human being for study and self-understanding.

Keywordsself-consciousness, personalization, depersonalization, structure of personality, interdisciplinary approach, psychopathology, phenomenology
Received18.11.2019
Publication date20.11.2019
Number of characters39218
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 1364

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Vlasova O.A. Fenomenologiya Karla Yaspersa: gistologiya i rentgenoskopiya dushi [Karl Jaspers phenomenology: histology and roentgenoscopy of the soul]. Voprosy Filosofii. 2013. N 2. P. 89–100.

2. Vlasova O.A. Fenomenologicheskaya psikhiatriya i ekzistencial'niy analiz. Istoriya. Mysliteli. Problemy [Phenomenological psychiatry and existential analysis. History. Thinkers. Problems]. Moscow: Territoriya budushchego Publ., 2010.

3. Vodolagin A.V. Psikhopatologiya i metafizika voli (k 125-letiyu Karla Yaspersa) [Psychopathology and metaphysics of will (to the 125th anniversary of Karl Jaspers]. Voprosy Filosofii. 2008 N 5. P. 140–148.

4. Zeigarnik B.V. Patopsikhologiya [Pathopsychology]. Moscow: Moscow St. Univ. Publ., 1986.

5. Megrabyan A.A. Depersonalizaciya [Depersonalization]. Erevan: Armenian state Publisshers, 1962.

6. Nosachev G.N., Baranov V.S., Romanov D.V. Semiotika psikhicheskikh zabolevaniy (obshchaya psikhopatologiya) [Semiotics of mental diseases General psychopathology]. Samara: Ofort, 2015.

7. Snezhnevskiy A.V. Rukovodstvo po psikhiatrii [A guide to psychiatry]. Moscow: Мedicine Publ., 1983.

8. Spirkin A.G. Soznanie i samosoznanie [Consciousness and self-consciousness]. Moscow: Politizdat Publ., 1972.

9. Uspenskaia O.V. Filosofsko-psikhologicheskiy aspekt issledovaniya problem samosoznaniya [Philosophical and psychological aspect of the study of self-consciousness]. Novaya nauka problemy i perspektivy. 2016. N 53 (79). P. 67–70.

10. Chudnovskij V.S., Nosachev G.N., Baranov V.S., Lashmanova D.M., Stegunina S.I., Katricheva L.V. Klinicheskiy aspekt samosoznaniya pri psikhicheskikh zabolevaniyakh v svyazi s voprosami diagnostiki, lecheniya i reabilitacii [Clinical aspect of self-awareness in mental illness in connection with the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation]. Kuibyshev: Kuibyshev Medical Institute D.I. Ulyanova, 1982.

11. Jaspers K. Obshchaya psikhopatologiya [General psychopathology]. Moscow: Practice, 1997.

12. Jaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii [The meaning and purpose of history]. Moscow: Politizdat, 1991.

13. Jaspers K. Strindberg i Van Gog: opyt sravnitel'nogo patograficheskogo analiza s privlecheniem sluchaev Svedenborga i Gel'derlina [Strindberg and Van Gogh: An attempt of a pathographic analysis with reference to parallel cases of Swedenborg and Hölderlin]. St. Petersburg.: Humanitarian Agency «Akademicheskii proekt» Publ., 1999.

14. Jaspers K. Filosofskaya avtobiografiya [Philosophical Autobiography]. Zapadnaya filosofiya: itogi tysyacheletiya. Bishkek: Odyssey Publ., 1997.

15. Broome M.R. On Jaspers' general psychopathology — reflection. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2013. Vol. 203. P. 102.

16. Broome M.R., Harland R., Owen G.S., Stringaris A. (eds.) The Maudsley Reader in Phenomenological Psychiatry. N.Y.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012.

17. Dorr O. Hermeneutical and Dialectical Thinking in Psychiatry and the Contribution of Karl Jaspers. Karl Jaspers’ Philosophy and Psychopathology. N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, 2014. P. 19–31.

18. Fuchs T., Breyer T., Mundt C. (eds.) Karl Jaspers’ Philosophy and Psychopathology. N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, 2014.

19. Fuchs T. Brain Mythologies Jaspers’ Critique of Reductionism from a Current Perspective. Karl Jaspers’ Philosophy and Psychopathology. N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media. 2014. P. 75–84.

20. Goldberg D. Karl Jaspers, general psychopathology — reflection. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2013. Vol. 202. P. 83.

21. Hafner H. Descriptive psychopathology, phenomenology, and the legacy of Karl Jaspers. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015. №17 (1). P. 19–29.

22. Insel T., Cuthbert B., Garvey M., Heinssen R., Pine D. S., Quinn K., Sanislow C.A., Wang P. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Developing a valid diagnostic framework for research on mental disorders. Amer. J. Psychiatry. 2010. N 167 (7). P. 748–751.

23. Maj M. Mental disorders as “brain disorders” and Jaspers's legacy. World Psychiatry. 2013. №12. P.1–3.

24. Mundt C. Jaspers Concept of “Limit Situation”: Extensions and Therapeutic Applications. In: Karl Jaspers’ Philosophy and Psychopathology. N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media. 2014. P. 169–178.

25. Musalek M. Karl Jaspers and human-based psychiatry — reflection. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2013. Vol. 202. P. 306.

26. Philippi C., Koenigs M. The neuropsychology of self reflection in psychiatric illness”. Journal of psychiatric research. 2014 Mar. P. 55–63.

27. Sims A. Karl Jaspers — reflection. Br J Psychiatry. 2013. Vol. 202. P. 4.

28. Stanghellini G., Fuchs T. (eds.) One Century of Karl Jaspers' General Psychopathology. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013.

29. Thoma S. Karl Jaspers Criticism of Anthropological and Phenomenological Psychiatry. In: Karl Jaspers’ Philosophy and Psychopathology. N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media. 2014. P. 85–98.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up