All
 
|
 
 


New Features of Illegal Migration From Sub-Saharan Africa to EU Countries And the USA
 
PIIS032150750007026-0-1
DOI10.31857/S032150750007026-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Alexander M. Zhambikov 
Occupation: Applicant, Institute for African Studies RAS
Affiliation: Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameAsia and Africa Today
EditionIssue 11
Pages64-69
Abstract

The article describes various aspects of illegal migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to the countries of the European Union and the United States of America within the framework of globalisation. The analysis includes objective and subjective causes of illegal migration, present situation and contemporary trends, its specific features, driving forces and experience of combating it by the developed nations. Special attention is given to new features of illegal migration and political dimension of the problem, as well as possible ways to solve it on various levels. It is noted that illegal migration is caused by high unemployment rate and poverty affecting most of population in developing countries. Transnational criminal groups orchestrate illegal migration and have turned it into a very profitable business, as a prospective illegal migrant usually is ready to pay several thousand US dollars for a journey for a better life in a developed country regardless of numerous risks and total uncertainty in future. Some of illegal migrants of African origin travel to the EU on boats and ships through the Mediterranean while other ones try to obtain visas, take flights to Europe or the USA and stay there after expiry of their visas. Illegal migration possesses serious security threats, in particular, to receiving nations, supporting shadow economy and manning criminal gangs. At the same time, illegal migration affects the countries of migrants’ origin by uncontrolled flight of qualified specialists and even “brain drain”. The conclusion is that illegal migration can be effectively fought only by joint effort by the receiving countries and countries of migrants’ origin.

Keywordsillegal migration, labor migrants, refugees, European Union, African Union, sanctions
Publication date02.12.2019
Number of characters19395
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 1574

Readers community rating: votes 0 

1. People for sale. Where lives are auctioned for $400 // CNN International Edition – https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/14/africa/libya-migrant-auctions/index.html  (accessed 15.11.2017)
2. Libya migrant ‘slave market’ footage sparks outrage // BBC News – https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42038451  (accessed 18.11.2017)
3. Ghana’s president slams Libya over slave auctions // ENCA, Dstv Channel – https://www.enca.com/africa/ghanaspresident-slams-libya-over-slave-auctions  (accessed 29.11.2017)
4. Joint Statement on the Migrant Situation in Libya // Council of the European Union – https://www.consilium.  europa.eu/media/31871/33437-pr-libya20statement20283020nov2010.pdf (accessed 30.11.2017)
5. Key Migration Terms // International Organisation for Migration – https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms  (accessed 30.11.2017)
6. Fargues P. 2017, Four Decades of Cross-Mediterranean Undocumented Migration to Europe: A Review of the Evidence // International Organization for Migration, Geneva, Switzerland.
7. The Real Illegal Immigration Crisis Isn’t on the Southern Border // The Atlantic – https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/04/real-immigration-crisis-people-overstaying-their-visas/587485/  (accessed 19.04.2019)
8. Африканская миграция в контексте современных международных отношений: сборник статей / отв. ред. Т.Л.Дейч, Е.Н.Корендясов. М., ИАфр РАН, 2015. С. 5. (African migration within the framework of contemporary international relations: collection of articles / eds. T.L.Deych, E.N.Korendyasov, 2015. M.) (In Russ.)
9. Корендясов Е.Н. Миграция в Африке: внешнеполитические аспекты // Африканская миграция в контексте современных международных отношений. М., ИАфр РАН, 2015. C. 23. (Korendyasov E.N. 2015. Migration in Africa: foreign policy aspects // African migration within the framework of contemporary international relations: collection of articles. M.) (In Russ.)
10. The most common Mediterranean migration paths into Europe have changed since 2009 // Pew Research Center - https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/18/the-most-common-mediterranean-migration-paths-into-europe-havechanged-since-2009/  (accessed 18.09.2018)
11. At Least a Million Sub-Saharan Africans Moved to Europe Since 2010, Sub-Saharan migration to the United States also growing // Pew Research Center – https://www.pewglobal.org/2018/03/22/at-least-a-million-sub-saharan-africans-movedto-europe-since-2010/  (accessed 22.03.2018)
12. Countries by density // World Population Review – http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/countries-bydensity/  (accessed 22.03.2018)
13. Businessman in court over visa fraud // Ghana Business News – https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2019/05/10/businessman-in-court-over-visa-fraud-2/  (accessed 10.05.2019)
14. The true story of the fake US embassy in Ghana // The Guardian. 28.11.2016 – https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/28/the-true-story-of-the-fake-us-embassy-in-ghana  (accessed 10.05.2019)
15. 20 arrested in visa deal // Ghanaian Times – http://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/20-arrested-in-visa-deal/  (accessed 03.11.2016)
16. The 8,000 euro ticket: the migrants crossing the Mediterranean by yacht // The Guardian – https://www.theguardian.  com/world/2017/sep/14/luxury-landings-the-migrants-crossing-the-mediterranean-by-yacht (accessed 14.11.2017)
17. Fake US embassy in Ghana shut down after 10 years issuing visas // The Guardian – https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/04/fake-us-embassy-in-ghana-shut-down-after-ten-years-issuing-visas  (accessed 04.12.2016)
18. Declaration // Council of the European Union – https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/31991/33454-pr-final_declaration_au_eu_summit.pdf  (accessed 30.11.2017)
19. Refugees could travel to Europe or America by air. What’s stopping them? // TRT World – https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/refugees-could-travel-to-europe-or-america-by-air-what-s-stopping-them-23370  (accessed 16.01.2019)
20. Trump Restricts Visas From Eight Countries as Travel Order Expires // NBC News – https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/trump-restricts-visas-eight-countries-travel-order-expires-n804366  (accessed 25.09.2017)
21. US imposes visa sanctions on Ghana for refusing to take back deportees // CNN International Edition – https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/01/africa/us-visa-sanction-ghana-intl/index.html  (accessed 02.02.2019)
22. Statement on Implementation of U.S. Non-Immigrant Visa Restrictions on Ghana // US Embassy in Ghana – https://gh.usembassy.gov/statement-on-implementation-of-u-s-non-immigrant-visa-restrictions-on-ghana/  (accessed 01.02.2019)
23. US visa sanctions on Ghana take effect today // Ghana Web, 04.02.2019 – https://www.ghanaweb.com/Ghana  HomePage/NewsArchive/US-visa-sanctions-on-Ghana-take-effect-today-720531# (accessed 01.02.2019)
24. Visa fraud: UK bans 4 MPs for 10 years // Ghana Web – https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/  NewsArchive/Visa-fraud-UK-bans-4-MPs-for-10-years-532429 (accessed 26.04.2017)
25. Ghana’s visa denial rate over 60% – U.S. State Department // YEN TV – https://yen.com.gh/98648-ghanas-visa-denialrate-60-us-state-department.html#98648  (accessed 26.04.2017)
26. GIS gets facility for document fraud // Daily Guide – https://dailyguidenetwork.com/gis-gets-facility-for-documentfraud/  (accessed 16.04.2019)
27. About DFEC // Documents Fraud and Expertise Centre, Ghana Immigration Service – http://gisdfec.org/about/  (accessed 26.04.2017)
28. Organised crime facilitating illegal migration – links to terrorism threats: CEPOL activity took place in Zagreb // European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training – https://www.cepol.europa.eu/media/blog/organised-crimefacilitating-illegal-migration-3-2019  (accessed 13.05.2019)
29. Illegal migration: A major challenge for Africa // The Guardian (Nigeria) – https://guardian.ng/news/world/illegalmigration-a-major-challenge-for-africa/  (accessed 07.08.2018)

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up