The article offers the analysis of the new vectors in the international-cooperation domain of the Russia-China strategic partnership. Special attention is focused on the influence, caused by the US factor on Russia and China with regard to different issues, including the military-strategic component, the attempts to renovate the global and regional institutions, the correlation of the two countries’ potentials, as well as the chances of, and conditions for transformation of the RF-PRC Strategic Partnership Treaty of 2001 into a form of alliance. The author also addresses different scenarios, such as the probability of signing the Russia - China alliance in case the world would move to the situation of 1939 or June 1941, or the further unstable balance among the great powers. Other subjects, analyzed in the article, include the potentials of the humanitarian / cross-civilization dialogue between the two countries, their joint containment of the US economic expansionism, and formation by Moscow and Beijing of their «specialized» bilateral agendas - such as the «Eurasian» one (building the «Greater Eurasia»), Arctic (cooperation in the Arctic and mastering of the Northern Sea Route), the outer-space, hydrocarbons, and others, the author devotes special attention to the efficient interaction between Russia and China in such formats as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS, «G20» and other ones, as well as presents the road-map of seven vectors that would lead to positioning of Russia and China as a single regional and global center of force.