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Berenice Panchrysos – Al-Allaqi–Deraheib: Archaeological Reality in Light of Historical Geography
 
PIIS032103910008632-8-1
DOI10.31857/S032103910008632-8
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Mikhail Bukharin 
Occupation: Senior Research Fellow
Affiliation: Institute of World History, RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Alexey Krol
Affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameVestnik drevnei istorii
EditionVolume 80 Issue 1
Pages171-191
Abstract

The unique mention of Berenice Panchrysos by Pliny the Elder (VI. 170) is connected in the latest archaeological literature with the site of Deraheib in Wadi al-Allaqi – the center of gold mining and trade in the Nubian Desert. The text of Pliny’s Natural History, however, indicates the location of Berenice Panchrysos on the coast of the Red Sea, rather than inland, and this epithet could be compared with the description of Sabai – the capital of the “Sabaeans” – inhabitants of ŚWM in Southern Arabia, given by Agatharchides of Cnidos. Sabai is described by Agatharchides in the same way as South Arabia in general – ideal land of full material prosperity. In the same way it is necessary to consider the mention of Berenice Panchrysos. It could receive its denomination “all-golden” from Sabai – South Arabian city ŚWM: in the descriptions of Sabai, gold is the dominant motive emphasizing exclusive richness of the extreme South of Arabia. In this regard, the identification of Berenice Panchrysos and Berenice-near-Sabai looks quite possible. These two place-names could also be hypothetically identified with Berenice-epi-Dires, which seems to reflect the tradition on foundation of one city (Berenice) at the exit from the Red Sea, which came to be known under three different epithets.

Keywordsclassical geographical tradition, Red Sea, Southern Arabia, Nubia, Wadi al-Allaqi, Deraheib, Ptolemaic Egypt, gold mining
Received12.03.2020
Publication date24.03.2020
Number of characters48408
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