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Development of the tourism sphere in the Republic Belarus in 2017-2021 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
 
PIIS221979310023970-0-1
DOI10.37490/S221979310023970-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Aleksandr Sokolov 
Occupation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Ecology
Affiliation: Francisk Skorina Gomel State University
Address: Belarus, Gomel
Irina Krasilnikova
Occupation: Acting head, Department of Geography, Associate Professor
Affiliation: Pskov State University
Address: Russian Federation, Pskov
Journal namePskov Journal of Regional Studies
EditionVolume 19. No1/2023
Pages73-86
Abstract

International tourism has become one of the sectors of the global economy most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study is to identify the main features of the development of the tourism industry of the Republic of Belarus in 2017–2021, as well as to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international and domestic tourism of the republic. Quantitative indicators reflecting the development of tourism in the Republic of Belarus in 2020 fell from 5 to 10 times. In 2021, they mostly began to recover, but only some of the indicators, mainly related to domestic tourism, reached the level of the pre-pandemic period. In the structure of domestic and inbound tourism, there was a decrease in the share of sports and health tourism in favor of recreational and other types of tourism. The volume of inbound tourism fell significantly more than outbound tourism, especially for tourists outside the CIS countries. In the ratio of foreign tourist flows in the regions of the republic, the share of the Grodno region has sharply decreased from 25.9 to 0.4 %, and the flow to a number of other regions has also noticeably decreased. Almost 90 % of all tourists began to go to the Brest region and Minsk.

KeywordsCOVID-19, inbound tourism, domestic tourism, Belarus, agroecotourism, accommodation facilities
Received07.01.2023
Publication date05.03.2023
Number of characters19678
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1 Введение. Пандемия COVID-19 в той или иной степени повлияла на все отрасли мировой экономики, а также национальных экономик фактических всех стран. Одной из наиболее пострадавших от пандемии отраслей стала туристская сфера. Доля данной сферы в ВВП Республики Беларусь в допандемийном 2019 г. составляла 2,2 %, а в списочной численности занятых в экономике — 5,9 %. С 2020 г. произошёл значительный спад этих показателей.
2 Целью исследования является оценка развития туристской индустрии Республики Беларусь в 2017–2021 гг., в т. ч. влияния на международный и внутренний туризм республики пандемии COVID-19.
3 Изученность проблемы. Изучению влияния пандемии COVID-19 на международный туризм и мировую туристскую индустрию в настоящее время посвящено уже достаточно много исследований (например, [1; 7; 19; 20; 24; 25; 30] и др.). Уже появились исследования, где рассматриваются вопросы восстановления туризма в постковидный период (например, [3; 21; 27; 28] и др.).
4 Анализ влияния пандемии на туризм осуществлён по многим странам. Отметим, например, такие работы по Австралии [8], Южной Корее [12], Таджикистану [18], Узбекистану [32], Болгарии [23], Албании [16], Швейцарии [26], Чехии [31], Эстонии и Финляндии [10], целому ряду государств Европы и Азии [2], европейским странам в целом [11], государствам Латинской Америки [29]. Имеются также и исследования по оценке влияния пандемии на туризм на уровне регионов, например, в Российской Федерации ([4; 9; 13: 22] и др.).
5 Особо нужно отметить работы, где рассматривалось влияние пандемии COVID-19 на туризм в Республике Беларусь. Этими вопросами занимались такие исследователи, как С. А. Демьянов [5; 6], Н. В. Костенко [14; 15] и К. В. Литвякова [17] и др.
6 Результаты исследования. Характерной чертой развития туристской отрасли страны в доковидный период был быстрый рост всех основных показателей. Так, в 2010–2019 гг. число организаций, осуществлявших туристскую деятельность, возросло в 2 раза, число иностранных туристов — в 3,4 раза, в т. ч. из стран СНГ — в 2,7 раза, из стран вне СНГ — в 5 раз, число туристов, посетивших иностранные государства — в 2,4 раза, число туристов, участвовавших во внутреннем туризме — в 14 раз. В 2020 г. все эти показатели резко упали, а некоторые продолжили снижение и в 2021 г. (табл. 1).
7 Таблица 1 Основные показатели организованного въездного, выездного и внутреннего туризма в 2017–2021 гг. Table 1 Main indicators of organized inbound, outbound and domestic tourism in 2017–2021
Показатель 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Число организаций, осуществлявших туристскую деятельность 1444 1482 1544 1348 1315
Число субъектов агроэкотуризма 2319 2473 2760 2936 3150
Численность туристов и экскурсантов из зарубежных стран, тыс. чел., в т. ч. из стран СНГ из прочих стран 282,7 198,8 83,9 365,5 213,4 152,1 405,5 223,2 182,3 81,0 53,7 27,9 71,4 53,9 17,4
Численность туристов и экскурсантов, выехавших за границу, тыс. чел., в т. ч. в страны СНГ в прочие страны 727,5 138,4 589,1 850,7 170,0 680,7 982,9 209,9 773,0 258,6 18,6 240,0 478,8 52,3 426,4
Объём внутреннего туризма, тыс. чел. 976,8 1007,8 1106,9 571,5 1187,9
Численность туристов, обслуживаемых объектами агроэкотуризма, тыс. чел., в т. ч. граждан Белоруссии граждан других стран 351,1 317,5 33,6 422,3 379,2 43,1 514,8 465,7 49,0 433,3 424,2 9,1 563,6 551,4 12,2
Источник: 1. 		1. Республика Беларусь. Статистический ежегодник — 2022 / Редкол.: И. В. Медведева (предс.) и др. Минск: Нац. стат. ком-т РБ, 2022. 374 с.

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