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Evolution of the geographical image of the USSR in the presentation of Chinese writers (on example of Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu)
 
PIIS221979310021909-2-1
DOI10.37490/S221979310021909-2
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Ruiqi Xu 
Occupation: Bachelor; Master student
Affiliation:
Shanghai International Studies University
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal namePskov Journal of Regional Studies
EditionVolume 18. No4/2022
Pages53-70
Abstract

Geographical images are systems of ideas, concepts and stereotypes that represent a particular territory in people's minds. Geographical image is one of the most important means of describing and understanding a country. The study of geographical images is of great practical importance and contributes to various aspects of foreign policy, regional politics, intercultural communication and tourism. The aim of this study is to analyze the image of the USSR of the 1920s and 1930s in the works of the writers of the New Culture Movement on the example of the leading representatives of the movement, Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi. Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were more concerned with the political image of the Soviet Union, and that their views were closely linked to their own political positions and views. After the October Revolution, Marxism spread widely in China and during this period, Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu lauded the Soviet Union as a great political experiment that deserved praise and opened up new avenues for human society. However, as the shortcomings and problems of the Soviet system became apparent and Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi's rejection of Marxist ideas changed their views of the Soviet Union, they began to criticize its problems and attack the dictatorial rule of Stalin.

Keywordsgeographical image, new culture movement, Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, USSR
Received07.09.2022
Publication date22.11.2022
Number of characters37215
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1 Введение. Имажинальную географию можно рассматривать как одну из основных отраслей гуманитарной географии, занимающуюся изучением формирования и характеристик географических образов. Географические образы являются частью географического представления, сформированного определённой культурой. Они возникают в процессе человеческой деятельности на уровне повседневного, профессионального и экзистенциального сознания. Изучение географических образов помогает глубже погрузиться в область географического страноведения.
2 Цель исследования — проанализировать образ СССР 1920–1930-х гг. в произведениях китайских писателей движения за новую культуру, а именно, Чэнь Дусю и Ху Ши.
3 В качестве информационной базы исследования выступают «Избранные сочинения Чэнь Дусю», «Собрание сочинений Ху Ши» и «Собрание дневников Ху Ши».
4 Возглавляя движение за новую культуру, Ху Ши и Чэнь Дусю внимательно следили за международными политическими изменениями. После Октябрьской революции оба писателя написали множество политических эссе, в которых выражали свои взгляды на Советский Союз.
5 Исходные предпосылки. Понятие образа прямо или косвенно изучается и используется в географии с середины XIX в. Изучение географического образа СССР является достаточно популярной темой, и многие учёные рассматривали его с различных точек зрения. Например, Д. В. Ильин исследовал трансформацию образа СССР в представлениях американских законодателей (1939–1941 гг.) [4]. Г. Н. Канинская изучал образ Советского Союза во Франции [5], Т. В. Зонова исследовала образ СССР в Италии конца 40-х гг. ХХ в., Э. В. Клоос — в американском кинематографе первого этапа холодной войны 1946–1953 гг. [7].
6 Методика исследования. В процессе работы использовался метод контент-анализа текстов литературных произведений, на основе которого были построены образные карты СССР.
7 Имажинальная география и географический образ. Имажинальную географию чаще всего рассматривают как основное направление гуманитарной географии. Имажинальная география (география образов, образная география) изучает особенности формирования и организации географических образов (систем понятий, представлений и стереотипов, характеризующих в сознании людей определённую территорию). Географические образы являются частью географического представления, сформированного определённой культурой в процессе человеческой деятельности на уровне повседневного, профессионального и экзистенциального сознания. Изучение географических образов имеет большое практическое значение и способствует развитию различных аспектов внешней политики, региональной политики, межкультурной коммуникации, туризма и т. д.
8 Термин «Гуманитарная география» был предложен российским культурологом и географом Д. Н. Замятиным, который объединил ряд самостоятельных научных направлений, имеющих много общих черт в методологии исследований, в единую комплексную дисциплину. Современная гуманитарная география представляет собой совокупность тесно взаимосвязанных направлений географии, изучающих закономерности формирования и развития систем представлений о географическом пространстве (в сознании отдельных людей, социальных, этнокультурных, расовых групп и др.), согласно которым человек организует свою деятельность на конкретной территории.

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