The article is a comment on A. L. Zhuravlev, I. A. Mironenko and A. V. Yurevich’s paper “Psychological Science in the global world: challenges and prospects” published in the Psychological Journal (№ 2, 2018). Psychology is considered to be modern and meet modern challenges. A response to challenges is examined to be justified, primarily psychologically, therefore, a vector of “responses” to “challenges” should be made from selfidentification of Russian psychology. The article reveals the problems that have a methodological character and require their decision to determine a scientific psychology development strategy in the 21st century, in particular, within the responses to the actual challenges. The author determines a place of psychology in the system of scientific knowledge, an ideal of psychological science and its subject-matter. The ideal of psychological science is considered to be a product of Russian philosophical psychology of the late 19th-early 20th centuries. The modern philosophy of science has virtually disappeared from the discussion of these issues; psychologists in the overwhelming majority distance themselves from their solution. As a result, the ideal of psychology is implicitly substituted by a kind of universal representation like an “American standard”. Psychology is argued not to lose the ideals; the conditions necessary for approaching the ideal are traced. Russian psychology must preserve its unique identity, which is determined, in particular, by the ideals of science.