The legal and illegal markets in Russia in 1917: their Interaction and role in the revolutionary process

 
PIIS086904990011415-8-1
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Occupation: Professor
Affiliation: A.I. Herzen Russian History of the Russian State Pedagogical University
Address: bld. 48, Embankment of the Moika River, St. Petersburg, 191186
Journal nameObshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost
EditionIssue 2
Pages102-115
Abstract

The article examines the of economic and political factors on the Russian revolutionary situation of 1917. The author tries to find out that the economic activities of the Provisional Government contributed to the expansion of the involvement of the Russian population in the national economy. The focus is on mechanisms of cooperation, illegal bagging and soldier commerce. They absorbed people’s energy and helped to defuse public sentiments, leaving politicians without mass support. Thus, a non-Bolshevik variant of the development of the revolution became possible. However, the political parties’ constant awakening of the radical leftist sentiments of the society and the lack of opposition on the part of the authorities contributed to fueling the discontent of the population and led to the October Revolution.

KeywordsGreat Russian Revolution, cooperation, sacking, illegal supply, army, soldier commerce, public moods
Received10.09.2020
Publication date19.04.2018
Number of characters847
Cite   Download pdf To download PDF you should sign in
Размещенный ниже текст является ознакомительной версией и может не соответствовать печатной

views: 592

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Antivoennye vystuplenija na russkom fronte v 1917 godu glazami sovremennikov (vospominanija, dokumenty, kommentarii) (2010) [Antiwar actions on the Russian front in 1917 through the eyes of contemporaries (memoirs, documents, comments)]. Moscow: RAS Institute for Russian History.

2. Bazanov S.N. (2012) Ot revoljucionnogo patriotizma k polnoj utrate boesposobnosti (soldatskie massy v marte-noyabre 1917 g.) [From revolutionary patriotism to total loss of combat capability (soldier masses in March-November 1917)]. Vlast’ i obshchestvo v istorii Rossii. Sb. st. [Power and Society in the History of Russia. Collected essays.]. Moscow: AIRO-XXI, pp. 63–72.

3. Bazanov S.N., Pronin A.V. (1997a) Bumerang bratanija [Boomerang fraternization]. Voenno-istoricheskij zhurnal [The Military History Journal], no. 1, pp. 34–41.

4. Bazanov S.N., Pronin A.V. (1997b) Bumerang bratanija [Boomerang fraternization]. Voenno-istoricheskij zhurnal [The Military History Journal], no. 3, pp. 50–58.

5. Bor’ba so spekuljaciej (soldaty prodajut) (1917) [Struggle against speculation (sold by soldiers)]. Prodovol’stvie. Organ Nizhegorodskoj gubernskoj prodovol’stvennoj upravy [Food. The paper of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Food Administration.], no. 25, p. 8.

6. Budberg A.P. (2016) Dnevnik. 1917–1919 [The Diary. 1917–1919]. Moscow: Zakharov.

7. Bystrova N.E. “Russkij vopros” v 1917 – nachale 1920 g. Sovetskaja Rossija i velikie derzhavy (2016) [“The Russian Question” in 1917 – early 1920. Soviet Russia and the Great Powers]. Moscow: RAS Institute for Russian History.

8. Davydov A. Ju. (2007) Meshochnichestvo i diktatura v Rossii. 1917–1921 gg. [Sacking and Dictatorship in Russia. 1917–1921]. St. Petersburg: Aleteiya.

9. Davydov A. Ju. (2002) Nelegal’noe snabzhenie rossijskogo naselenija i vlast’. Meshochniki. 1917–-1921 gg. [Illegal supply of the Russian population and power]. St. Petersburg: Nauka.

10. Den’gi dlja rasplaty za hleb (1917) [Money to pay for bread]. Izvestija Ufimskogo gubernskogo prodovol’stvennogo komiteta [Ufa province food committee Herald], no. 16–17, p. 7–8.

11. Denikin A.I. (1991) Ocherki russkoj smuty. Krushenie vlasti i armii, fevral’–sentyabr’ 1917 g. [Essays on the Russian Time of Troubles. 5 vols. Vol. I. The collapse of power and the army, February–September 1917]. Moscow: Nauka.

12. Dneprovskij S.P. (1968) Kooperatory. 1898–1968 [Co-operators. 1898–1968]. Moscow: Ekonomika.

13. Farutin I.A. (1970) Harakter i osobennosti kooperativnogo dvizhenija v dorevoljucionnoj Rossii [The nature and characteristics of the cooperative movement in pre-revolutionary Russia]. Uchenye zapiski Kaliningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vyp. 4. Obshhestvennye nauki [Scientific notes by the Kaliningrad state university. Issue. 4. Social sciences]. Kaliningrad: Kaliningradskaja pravda, p. 60–176.

14. Frenkin M. (1978) Russkaja armija i revoljucija [The Russian Army and the Revolution]. München: Logos.

15. Frenkin M. (1982) Zahvat vlasti bol’shevikami v Rossii i rol’ tylovyh garnizonov. Podgotovka i provedenie oktjabr’skogo mjatezha [The seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in Russia and the role of the rear garrisons. Preparation and conduct of the October mutiny]. Ierusalim: Stav.

16. Frommet B. (1918) 25 fevralya 1917 g.– 1 yanvarya 1918 g. [February 25, 1917 – January 1, 1918]. Vestnik kooperatsii [Bulletin of Cooperation], no. 1–2, p. 82–101.

17. God russkoj revoljucii. Sb. st. (1918) [The Year of the Russian Revolution. Collected essays]. Moscow: Zemlja i volja.

18. Gosudarstvennoe soveshhanie: stenograficheskij otchet (1930) [State meeting: verbatim report]. Moscow; Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo.

19. Gubernskij prodovol’stvennyj komitet (zasedanie 27 sentjabrja) (1917) [Provincial Food Committee (meeting on September 27)]. Prodovol’stvie. Organ Nizhegorodskoj gubernskoj prodovol’stvennoj upravy [Food. The organ of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial food board], no. 17, p. 8.

20. Hejsin M.L. (1918) Istoricheskij ocherk kooperacii v Rossii [A historical sketch of cooperation in Russia]. Petrograd: Kooperatsiya.

21. Izgoev A.S. (2017) Rozhdennoe v revoljucionnoj smute [Born in a revolutionary trouble]. Moscow: Delo.

22. Izuchenie osobennostej i istorii tenevoj jekonomiki v Rossii kak profilakticheskij sposob bor’by s nej (2009) [Study of the features and history of the shadow economy in Russia as a preventive way to combat it (2009)]. Tula: Tul’skij poligrafist.

23. Katkov G.M. (1984) Fevral’skaja revoljucija [The February Revolution]. Paris: YMCA-PRESS.

24. Lejberov I.P., Rudachenko S.D. (1990) Revoljucija i hleb [Revolution and bread]. Moscow: Mysl’.

25. Lenin V.I. (1970) Ekonomika i politika v epokhu diktatury proletariata [Economics and Politics in the Age of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat]. Poln. sobr. soch. [Complete works. 55 vols.], vol. 39, p. 271–282. Moscow: Politizdat.

26. Lenin V.I. (1974) Znachenie bratan’ja [The meaning of fraternization]. Poln. sobr. soch. [Complete works. 55 vols.], vol. 31, p. 459–461. Moscow: Politizdat.

27. Leningradskaja kooperacija za 10 let (1928) [Leningrad cooperation for 10 years]. Leningrad: LSPO.

28. Meshochniki (1917) [Profiteers]. Izvestija Kazanskogo gubernskogo prodovol’stvennogo komiteta [Kazan Provincial Food Committee Herald], no. 9–10, p. 13.

29. Nemeckie tovary v Rossii (vvesti torg v ramki) (1917) [German goods in Russia (enter bargaining in the framework)]. Prodovol’stvie. Organ Nizhegorodskoj gubernskoj prodovol’stvennoj upravy [Food. The organ of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Food Administration], no. 29, p. 7.

30. Objazatel’noe postanovlenie. Vospreshhaetsja: Skupat’ u soldat… (1917) [Listovka] [Obligatory resolution. It is forbidden: To buy from soldiers … [Leaflet]]. Petrograd: Gorodskaja tipografija.

31. Pavljuchenkov S.A. (1996) Krest’janskij Brest ili predystorija bol’shevistskogo njepa [Peasant Brest or the prehistory of the Bolshevik NEP]. Moscow: Russkoe knigoizdatel’skoe tovarischestvo.

32. Petrograd na perelome jepoh. Gorod i ego zhiteli v gody revoljucii i grazhdanskoj vojny (2000) [Petrograd at the turn of the ages. The city and its inhabitants during the years of the revolution and civil war]. St. Petersburg.: Dmitrij Bulanin.

33. Pis’ma vo vlast’. 1917–1927. Zajavlenija, zhaloby, donosy, pis’ma v gosudarstvennye struktury i bol’shevistskim vozhdjam (1998) [Letters to power. 1917–1927. Statements, complaints, denunciations, letters to state structures and Bolshevik leaders]. Moscow: ROSSPEN.

34. Polovtsov P.A. Dni zatmenija (Zapiski glavnokomandujushhego vojskami Petrogradskogo voennogo okruga generala P.A. Polovtsova v 1917 godu) (1999) [Days of the eclipse (Notes of the Commander-in-Chief of the troops of the Petrograd Military District, General P.A. Polovtsov in 1917)]. Moscow: State public historical library.

35. Rech’ ministra prodovol’stvija S.N. Prokopovicha na zasedanii Vremennogo Soveta respubliki ob obshhem prodovol’stvennom polozhenii v strane. 16 oktjabrja 1917 g. (1957) [Speech by the Minister of Food S.N. Prokopovich at the meeting of the Provisional Council of the Republic on the overall food situation in the country. October 16, 1917]. Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii nakanune Velikoy Oktyabr’skoy socialisticheskoy revoljucii: Dokumenty i materialy: V 2 chastyah [The economic situation of Russia on the eve of the Great October Socialist Revolution: Documents and materials: In 2 parts], part 2, p. 353–369. Moscow; Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences’ Publishers.

36. Rezoljucii, prinjatye na Pervom Vserossijskom s’ezde predstavitelej kooperativnyh sojuzov, ob’edinenij i komitetov v Moskve. 25–28 marta 1917 g. (1917) [Resolutions adopted at the First All-Russian Congress of Representatives of Cooperative Unions, Associations and Committees in Moscow. March 25–28, 1917]. Moscow: Tipografija Sh.I. Bokshtejna.

37. Sbornik postanovlenij Vremennogo pravitel’stva po kooperacii (1917) [Collection of Decrees of the Provisional Government on Cooperation]. Moscow: Sovet vserossiskih kooperativnyh s’ezdov.

38. Smit M.N. (1918) Ekonomicheskie predposylki fiksacii cen [Economic prerequisites for price fixing]. Jekonomika i politika tverdyh cen [Economics and policy of firm prices]. Moscow, p. 33–41.

39. Soglashenie Narodnogo banka s Ministerstvom prodovol’stvija (1917) [Agreement of the People’s Bank with the Ministry of Food], Petrogradskij kooperator [Petrograd Cooperator], no. 25–29, p. 42.

40. Soveshhanie o spasenii fronta i stolic ot goloda (meshochniki, odetye v serye shineli) (1917) [Meeting on the rescue of the front and capitals from hunger (baggies dressed in gray overcoats)]. Izvestija Ufimskogo gubernskogo prodovol’stvennogo komiteta [The Ufa provincial food committee Herald], no. 16–17, p. 13.

41. Spekuljacija s hlebom (1917) [Speculation with bread], Prodovol’stvie. Organ Nizhegorodskoj gubernskoj prodovol’stvennoj upravy [Food. The Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Food Administration newspaper], no. 2, p. 11.

42. Sredi pechati (1918) [Among the press]. Prodovol’stvennoe delo [Food business], no. 1, p. 10–11.

43. Suhanov N.N. (1991) Zapiski o revoljucii: V 3 tt. [Notes on the Revolution. 3 vols]. Vol. 1. Moscow: Politizdat, Respublika.

44. Trockiy L.D. (1997) Istorija russkoj revoljucii: V 2 tomah [History of the Russian Revolution. 2 vols.], vol. 2. part 2. Moscow: Terra.

45. Vojskovye komitety dejstvujushhej armii. May 1917 g. – mart 1918 g. (1982) [Military committees of the active army. May 1917 – March 1918]. Moscow: Nauka.

46. Volobuev P.V. (1962) Jekonomicheskaja politika Vremennogo pravitel’stva [The economic policy of the Provisional Government]. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences’ Publishers.

47. Vserossijskij prodovol’stvennyj s’ezd v Moskve 18–24 noyabrja 1917 g.: Stenogr. otchet (1918) [All-Russian Food Congress in Moscow on November 18–24, 1917: The verbatim report]. Moscow: All-Russia Council of Food Congresses.

48. Vyshinskij A. (1923) Prodovol’stvennaja problema v jepohu Velikoj Francuzskoj revoljucii [Food problem in the era of the Great French Revolution]. Prodovol’stvie i revoljucija [Food and Revolution], no. 5–6, p. 169–170.

49. Zel’gejm V.N. (1917) Uchastie kooperativnyh organizacij v prodovol’stvennom dele: Doklad, chitanniy na Vserossiyskom kooperativnom s’ezde 24–27 marta 1917 g. [Participation of cooperative organizations in food business: Report, on the All-Russia Cooperative. Congress, March 24–27, 1917.]. Moscow: Sovet vserossiyskih kooperativnyh s’ezdov.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up