Gas Law: Formation and Development

Occupation: Scientific Supervisor of Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization V.A. Musin Research Center for the Development of Energy Law and Modern Legal Science
Affiliation: Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization V.A. Musin Research Center for the Development of Energy Law and Modern Legal Science
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Journal name

Energy law forum

Edition

Issue 2

Pages

19-30

Abstract

At present, the importance of gas law has increased significantly due to the demand for gas as an energy resource in domestic and foreign markets. The International Energy Agency states that, despite the clear trend to further prioritize low-carbon renewable energy sources, the use of natural gas will continue to grow strongly in the coming years in all scenarios studied by the International Energy Agency. In addition to the natural gas market, the LNG and LPG markets also continue to develop.

To date, there are not many legal studies on gas law. However, representatives of legislative bodies, experts, academia and energy companies emphasize the need to improve the legal regulation of gas markets at the national and international levels.

In order to fully study and develop gas law, it is advisable to conduct a number of legal studies, including comparative legal studies with foreign gas law, including the law of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and the law of potential importers of Russian gas.

Keywords

energy law, gas law, gas supply, gas markets

Received

20.03.2023

Publication date

27.06.2023

Number of characters

30070

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GOST	Romanova V. Gas Law: Formation and Development // Energy law forum – 2023. – Issue 2 C. 19-30 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://mlcjournal.ru/S231243500026202-0-1 (circulation date: 28.04.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S231243500026196-3
MLA	Romanova, Viktoria V "Gas Law: Formation and Development." Energy law forum 2 (2023):19-30. DOI: 10.18254/S231243500026196-3
APA	Romanova V. (2023). Gas Law: Formation and Development. Energy law forum (2), pp.19-30 DOI: 10.18254/S231243500026196-3

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1	The development of energy law, primarily based on a sectoral principle, taking into account the specifics of legal regulation in individual branches of the energy sector, has led to the formation of the relevant institutions of energy law. [1] Gas law is one of the most important institutions of energy law. General theoretical provisions of energy law, including provisions on the methods and principles of energy law, are applicable to gas law. [2] The formation of gas law is based on the objective need for proper legal regulation of social relations arising in domestic, international, and foreign markets.
2	The rules of gas law regulate private and public relations arising, inter alia, in connection with the exploration, production, processing, supply, transportation, storage of gas as a strategic energy resource, construction, modernization, and reconstruction of gas infrastructure at the national and international levels.
3	Article 16 of the Federal Law on Gas Supply in the Russian Federation establishes the basis for the creation and development of a common gas market in the Russian Federation, including:
4	- formation of a group of gas consumers based on extensive introduction of gas as an energy and fuel resource in production and households on federal territories and territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation subjects - development of gasification;
5	- building of mutually beneficial relations between gas consumers and suppliers;
6	- creation of conditions for reliable gas supply to different categories of consumers;
7	- implementation of the state pricing policy aimed at the development of a unified gas market. The provisions of the Federal Law on Gas Supply in the Russian Federation are based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, according to which the issues of federal energy systems, the legal framework of the unified market, the bases of pricing policy and security of the Russian Federation are within the competence of the Russian Federation.
8	According to Article 5 of the Federal Law on Gas Supply in the Russian Federation, the federal gas supply system is a set of gas supply systems operating on the territory of the Russian Federation: the Unified Gas Supply System, regional gas supply systems, gas distribution systems, and independent organizations. The federal gas supply system is one of the federal energy systems of the Russian Federation.
9	Organizations within the federal gas supply system, regardless of their ownership and legal form, are subject to a unified legal framework of market formation and pricing policy, unified energy, industrial and environmental safety requirements established by the Federal Law on Gas Supply in the Russian Federation, other federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance therewith.
10	These rules of gas law are basic and determine approaches to the regulation of social relations in the gas industry.
11	For the purposes of analyzing the current state and further development of legal regulation of the gas market, it seems appropriate to mention certain classifications depending on various grounds. Thus, in order to analyze the legal regulation of the national gas market, we can divide the rules of gas law into the following conditional groups.
12	1. Depending on the type of gas:
13	- legal regulation of the natural gas market, - legal regulation of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market, - legal regulation of the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) market.
14	2. Depending on how you trade:
15	- legal regulation of the OTC gas market; - legal regulation of the exchange gas market.
16	3. Depending on the intended use of gas:
17	- legal regulation of the gas market for public-utility use; - legal regulation of the gas market for industrial and other use not related to public utilities.
18	4. Depending on pricing:
19	- legal support in the gas market at state-regulated prices; - legal regulation in the gas market at prices not regulated by the state.
20	For the purpose of regulatory analysis, external gas markets can be divided into the following conditional groups:
21	1. Depending on the composition of subjects:
22	- regional international gas markets, - foreign gas markets.
23	2. Depending on the type of gas:
24	- external natural gas market, - external liquefied natural gas market, - external liquefied petroleum gas market.
25	The relations involving natural gas are manifold, as natural gas is widely used to ensure human life and activity, in industry and other sectors of the economy.
26	Natural gas is used as a fuel for electricity and heat generation (77 %), in the chemical and metallurgical industry (10 %), and as a motor fuel (2 %). In the long term, the share of electricity and households will remain at the level of 77–78 %, industrial use will increase to 11–12 %, and as a motor fuel to 3 %. [3]
27	It should be noted that the current trend towards the development of low-carbon energy does not diminish the importance of the gas industry.

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