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Russia in the Plans and Programs of PRC Border Regions
 
PIIS013122270017918-0-1
DOI10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-12-5-14
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Viktor Larin 
Affiliation: Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far-East of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Vladivostok
Journal nameMirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia
EditionVolume 65 Issue 12
Pages5-14
Abstract

The article analyzes how the authorities of bordering Russia PRC’s regions intend to exploit Russian economic potential in order to further develop their territories. Based on the study of the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s 14th five-year plans of socio-economic development, other official documents, as well as the results of last decade Russia-China cross-border interactions, the author comes to conclusion that for the last decades these territories’ authorities did not change previously formed approaches to Russia. He identifies traditions, variations and innovations in the policies of each region and pays special attention to the cities of Suifenhe and Heihe, which are the most interested in cooperation with their northern neighbor. The author argues that relations with Russia are of fundamental importance for Heilongjiang province only, while the other two regions look at it only as an additional mechanism to solve energy and communication problems. Besides, their interest goes far beyond the border regions of Russia, the Far Eastern and even Siberian federal districts and is aimed at the entire territory of Russia. The analyzed documents contain a number of innovations like the expansion of scientific and technological, cooperation, financial and digital interaction with Russia, but they are predominantly declarative in nature. The main focus is made on expanding imports of Russian energy resources and raw materials, creating a network of processing industries in Northern part of China, increasing exports of local industrial and agricultural products and services to Russia, making cross-border transport corridors more efficient, and creating various “special areas of interaction”. Analysis shows that China's acquisition of the status of a global power and its entry into the “new era” of socialism building only slightly corrected the views of Beijing and border territories on Russian economic potential as a source of China development.

KeywordsChina, Russia, the Far East, cross-border ties, development plans and programs
AcknowledgmentAcknowledgements. The reported study was funded by RFBR and СASS, project number 20-514-93004.
Received13.12.2021
Publication date23.12.2021
Number of characters31753
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Table of contents

ОПЫТ ПРЕДШЕСТВУЮЩИХ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЙ КАК ОСНОВА ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕФЛЕКСИИ
НОВЫЕ ПЛАНЫ НА “НОВУЮ ЭПОХУ”
1 8 января 2021 г. официальный рупор КНР газета “Жэньминь жибао” опубликовала статью, которая оптимистично постулировала, что сотрудничество между Северо-Восточным Китаем и Дальним Востоком России “придает импульс углублению отношений всеобъемлющего стратегического партнерства и сотрудничества между Китаем и Россией в новую эпоху” [1]. Эта обтекаемая формулировка подразумевает в том числе продолжающийся поиск более эффективных путей и средств развития Северо-Востока страны, в обеспечении которого российскому фактору отводится немаловажная роль.
2 Данная стратегическая линия, которая сформировалась и была внедрена в концепции развития приграничных с Россией провинций Хэйлунцзян, Цзилинь и Автономного района Внутренняя Монголия в конце 1980-х ‒ первой половине 1990-х годов [2, cc. 81-136], не раз подтверждалась в документах центрального и местного уровняв первые два десятилетия XXI в. Правительство КНР приняло серию решений, нацеленных на ускоренное развитие приграничных районов страны, поощрение развития взаимодействия с сопредельными зарубежными территориями, предоставило им для этого ряд льгот и преференций. Соседние с Россией территории принимали специальные решения, программы и планы расширения сотрудничества с северным соседом, фиксировали этот курс в пятилетних планах своего развития, провинциальных и местных интерпретациях инициативы “Пояса и Пути”, создавали специальные зоны внешней открытости и международного сотрудничества и вели себя достаточно активно в продвижении своих интересов на российской территории.
3 Внедрение в практику теоретических положений строительства социализма с китайской спецификой “новой эпохи”, утвержденных XIX съездом КПК в качестве руководящей идеологии развития страны на долгосрочный период [3, c. 178], потребовало ревизии ранее сделанного и выработки новых подходов. Даже поверхностный анализ показывает, что многие ориентиры, которые намечались для приграничных с Россией территорий и ради которых китайские власти намеревались использовать потенциал России, не были достигнуты. Стратегия возрождения “старопромышленной” базы Северо-Востока КНР, на которую делалась ставка, дала очень скромные результаты [4, сc. 354-355]. Темпы его экономического развития хронически отставали от средних по стране1. Фактически провалилась “Программа сотрудничества между регионами Дальнего Востока и Восточной Сибири РФ и Северо-Востока КНР на 2009‒2018 гг.” [4, сc. 220-237; 8]. Объем экономических связей северо-восточных провинций КНР с Россией за эти годы не только не вырос, а существенно сократился. Указанные обстоятельства ставят под сомнение представления об эффективности китайского среднесрочного планирования, утвердившиеся в последние годы в информационном пространстве России. 1. По данным провинциальной статистики, прирост ВРП провинций Хэйлунцзян, Цзилинь и АРВМ составил: в 2018 г. – соответственно 5.0, 4.5 и 5.2%, в 2019 г. – 4.5, 3.5 и 5.2%, в 2020 г. – 1.0, 2.4 и 0.2%, тогда как в среднем в КНР за те же годы экономический рост составлял 6.8, 6.1 и 2.3% [5, 2019‒2021; 6, 2019‒2021; 7, 2019‒2021].

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