It examines the constitutional basis of the Rule of Law in Russia, revealed its importance and role in the construction of constitutional legal mechanism of ensuring the Rule of Law. On the basis of analysis of normative and doctrinal sources and practices of higher courts in Russia are shown the paramount importance of constitutional law in establishing and strengthening the constitutional Rule of Law. Attention is drawn to the structure, the condition and the need to ensure the coherence and orderliness of constitutional legislation in Russia. The General characteristics and shows the importance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the regulatory legal basis of the Rule of Law. Reveals the basic constitutional risks, the basic directions of implementation of constitutionalization of law. Revealed the problem of ensuring the supremacy and direct action of the Constitution of Russia, the ratio of constitutional and International Law, interaction between national and international authorities to ensure the Rule of Law. The role of the Constitutional Court of Russia in the elimination of differences in understanding by the authorized entities of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and international legal norms.