The article is a review of the speeches of the participants of the Second All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation “Agrarian Law in the 21st century: traditions and prospects of development (Kozyrev Readings)”. Topical issues of legal regulation of agrarian relations in the context of new challenges and threats were widely discussed at the Conference. In the speeches of many participants, the increasing role of agrarian and legal science and agrarian and legal regulation in modern conditions of ensuring food security in Russia was noted. Among the most pressing problems were the problems of environmental protection in the field of agricultural production, ensuring the safety of agricultural products (including organic), state support for farmers, rational use of agricultural land, effective management of the land fund, development of agrotourism and rural areas, and others.