V.S. Kozlov and His Tsifrar-Diagrammometer

 
PIIS020596060032982-2-1
DOI10.31857/S0205960624030031
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Affiliation: Museum of the History of Computing Machinery of the School No. 1530 “Lomonosov School”
Address: Moscow, Ul. Egerskaya, 4
Affiliation: National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Address: Moscow, Pokrovsky bulvar, 11
Journal nameVoprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki
EditionVolume 45 Issue 3
Pages507-535
Abstract

In the late 19th century a military statistician and a pioneers of the Russian cooperative movement, Viktor Semyonovich Kozlov (1842–1920), designed and built a unique mechanical analog computing device he named “tsifrar-diagrammometer”. It was intended for operational visual presentation of numerical results of observations, calculations, experiments, etc. (tsifrar) and for calculating their statistical characteristics (diagrammometer). At the 1889 Paris Exposition this device that represented  Russia was awarded the bronze medal. Drawing on the archival records and the materials from the Russian and European periodicals, the history of the inventor’s work on this device is reconstructed for the first time and some facts from his biography are described. The authors also attempt to describe the design of the device and analyze the mechanism of its functioning. Since no sources contain a detailed description of the design with the diagrams, charts, etc. or the mechanism of its functioning  while available information is often contradictory, the authors present their own version of the device’s description and operation. The tsifrar-diagrammometer aroused much interest among the most prominent Russian and French scientists of the time, including P.L. Chebyshev, D.I. Mendeleev, E. Lucas, and many others. They viewed Kozlov’s device as a forerunner of a future universal instrument for numerical data analysis and for discovering new laws of nature. The appraisals of the device by the  contemporaries are also given and analyzed in the article.

KeywordsV.S. Kozlov, E. Lucas, tsifrar, diagrammograph, diagrammometer, statistical data, graphic presentation of data
Received14.08.2023
Publication date16.11.2024
Number of characters54276
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 95

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Bool’, V. G., fon (1896) Pribory i mekhanizmy dlia mekhanicheskogo proizvodstva arifmeticheskikh deistvii. Opisanie ustroistva i otsenka schetnykh priborov i mashin [Devices and Mechanisms for Me chanical Performance of Arithmetic Operations. Description of the design and Evaluation of Calculat ing Devices and Machines]. Moskva: Tipo-litografiia Tovarishchestva I.N. Kushnerev i K°.

2. Chenut, L. (1890) Note sur la machine a calculer du Colonel Kosloff, Annales industrielles, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 57–61.

3. Diagrammomètre: auxiliaire mécanique pour les études des courbes. Note de M. le colonel Koz loff, présentée par M. Marey (1890) Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de lʼAcadémie des sciences, vol. 111, pp. 166–168.

4. Dvirnik, V. A. (2011) Khar’kovskoe tovarishchestvo potrebitelei: u istokov zarozhdeniia kooperat sii Ukrainy [Kharkiv Consumers’ Cooperative: At the Origin of the Emergence of Cooperation in Ukraine]. Khar’kov: Krossroud.

5. Flamany, A. (1892) Diagrammomètre, in: La Grande Encyclopédie, inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres et des arts. Paris: H. Lamirault et Cie, vol. 14, pp. 419–420.

6. Ignat’ev, E. V. (1915) V tsarstve smekalki. 2-e izd. [In the Realm of Ingenuity. 2nd ed.]. Petrograd: Tipografiia Tovarishchestva A.S. Suvorina, book 3.

7. Kabanova, E. A. (2015) Russkie schetnye lineiki v sobranii Politekhnicheskogo muzeia. Vychis litel’nyi pribor inzhenera K. Gutsevicha [Russian Slide Rules in the Polytechnic Museum Collection. Calculating Device of Engineer K. Gutsevich], in: Artemenko, R. V. (ed.) Istori ia tekhniki i muzeinoe delo: materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. 2–4  dekabria 2014 g. [History of Technology and Museum Studies: Proceedings of the 8 th In ternational Science-to-Practice Conference. December 2–4, 2014.]. Moskva: IIET RAN, iss. 7, pp. 263–268.

8. Khronika zemskoi statistiki [Chronicle of the Zemstvo Statistics] (1898) Trudy Imperatorskogo Vol’nogo ekonomicheskogo obshchestva, vol. 2, book 6, pp. 183–197.

9. Kozloff. Diagrammométre, auxiliaire mécanique pour les études des courbes. С. R. CXI. 166–168 (1890), Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik, vol. 22, pp. 606–607.

10. Kozlov, V. (1891) Tsifrar’ (diagrammometr) V.S. Kozlova [V.S. Kozlov’s Tsifrar’ (Diagrammom eter)], Niva, no. 4, pp. 90–92.

11. Kozlov, V. S. (1877) Zapiska o reorganizatsii Rossiiskogo obshchestva pokrovitel’stva zhivotnykh. Chi tana 8 fevralia 1877 goda v zasedanii osoboi komissii, sostoiashchei pri Ros. obshch. pokr. zhiv., izbrannoi obshchim sobraniem obshchestva 31 ianvaria 1877 goda [Memorandum on the Reor ganization of the Russian Society for the Protection of Animals. Read on February 8, 1877, at the Meeting of a Special Commission under the Russian Society for the Protection of Animals, Elec ted by the General Assembly of the Society on January 31, 1877]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiia brat’ev Panteleevykh.

12. Kozlov, V. S. (1892) Blagotvoriteli i pereselentsy: o napravlenii deiatel’nosti O-va dlia vspomosh chestvovaniia nuzhdaiushchimsia pereselentsam [Benefactors and Settlers: On the Direction of the Activities of the Society for the Relief of Distressed Settlers]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiia tova rishchestva “Obshchestvennaia pol’za”.

13. Kozlov, V. S. (1908) Vozdushnaia sushilka dlia opredeleniia vlazhnosti produktov V.S. Kozlova [V.S. Kozlov’s Air Dryer for Determining Moisture Content of Products]. Odessa: Tipografiia Tor govogo doma bratʼev Kul’berg.

14. Kozlov, V. S. (1909) Bor’ba so zloupotrebleniiami v intendantstve: iz soobshch. V.S. Kozlova v pomeshchenii Gl. intendant. upr., 8 maia 1909 g. [Combating Abuses in the Auartermaster’s Office: From the Report of V.S. Kozlov in the Premises of the Main Quartermaster’s Office, May 8, 1909]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipofgrafiia Trenke i Fiusno.

15. Kozlov, V. S., and Reikhel’, P. (1908) K voprosu o reorganizatsii intendantstva [On the Reorganiza tion of the Quartermaster Service]. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografiia Trenke i Fiusno.

16. Kraevoi, Ia. (1917) U V.S. Kozlova [At V.S. Kozlov’s], Muraveinik, no. 2, pp. 38–44.

17. Krylov, A. N. (1945) Moi vospominaniia [My Memories]. Moskva: Izdatelʼstvo AN SSSR.

18. Leipälä, T., Silantiev, S. A., and Shilov, V. V. (2019) Israel Abraham Staffel: Lost Book Is Found, in: Leslie, C., and Schmitt, M. (eds.) Histories of Computing in Eastern Europe. IFIP WG 9.7 International Workshop on the History of Computing, HC2018, Held at the 24th IFIP World Com puter Congress, WCC2018, Poznań, Poland, September 19–21, 2018, Revised Selected Papers.Cham: Springer, pp. 229–251 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technol ogy. Vol. 549).

19. Lucas, E. (1890) Conférences sur le diagrammomètre du colonel Kozloff, faites au Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. Paris: A. Reiff.

20. Lucas, E. (1890) Le diagrammomètre du colonel Kozloff, La Nature, no. 896, pp. 131–134.

21. Makhnovets, V. (1915) Viktor Semenovich Kozlov [Viktor Semyonovich Kozlov], Soiuz potrebite lei, no. 29, pp. 1000–1002.

22. Markov, V. N. (1919) Pionery iuzhnorusskoi kooperatsii. N.P. Ballin i ego sotrudniki. Ocherk iz istorii kooperatsii na Ukraine [Pioneers of South-Russian Cooperation. N.P. Ballin and His Colleagues. An Essay on the History of Cooperation in Ukraine]. Khar’kov: Tovarishchestvo potrebitelʼskikh obshchestv Iuga Rossii.

23. Mestnaia khronika [Local Chronicle] (1882), Iuzhnyi krai, March 15, no. 418, p. 1.

24. Pavlovskii, I. F. (1907) K istorii Poltavskogo dvorianstva. 1802–1902. Ocherki po arkhivnym materi alam [On the History of the Poltava Nobility. 1802–1902. Essays Based on the Archival Materials]. Poltava: Elektricheskaia tipo-litografiia Torgovogo doma I. Frishberg i S. Zorokhovich, vol. 2.

25. Polunov, Iu. L. (1998) Priamougol’nyi ili kruglyi? [Rectangular or Circular?], Podvodnaia lodka, no. 11, pp. 102–107.

26. Shilov, V. V. (2019) Na puti k iskusstvennomu intellektu: logicheskie mashiny i ikh sozdateli [Towards Artificial Intelligence: Logical Machines and Their Creators]. Moskva: LENAND.

27. Shilov, V., and Silantiev, S. (2017) Jan Józef Baranowski: Life and Machines, Journal of the Ought red Society, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 50–54.

28. Shilov, V., and Silantiev, S. (2022) Victor Vogel: New Facts and Forgotten Invention, Journal of the Oughtred Society, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 52–56.

29. Shilov, V., Silantiev, S., and Leipälä, T. (2020) Unknown Calculating Device of the Forgotten Inventor, Journal of the Oughtred Society, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 29–34.

30. Sidorovich, O. S. (2003) Fundator ukraïns’koï kooperatsiï [Founder of Ukrainian Cooperation], in: Samoilenko, G. V. (ed. and comp.) Literatura ta kul’tura Polissіa [Literature and Culture of Polesie]. Nizhyn: NDPU im. Mykoly Gogolia, iss. 23: Ukraïnsʼko-rosiisʼki ta bilorusʼki mov no-literaturni ta kulʼturni zvʼiazki [Ukrainian-Russian and Belarusian Linguistic, Literary and cultural Links], pp. 62–67.

31. Sobolev, A. V. (2000) K voprosu o nachale kooperativnogo dvizheniia v Rossii [On the Beginning of the Cooperative Movement in Russia], Voprosy istorii, no. 11–12, pp. 169–170.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up