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Dynamics of the contact zone between Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples in the north-east of European Russia in the 2010s
 
PIIS221979310032224-9-1
DOI10.37490/S221979310032224-9
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Natalya Terenina 
Occupation: Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Geography
Affiliation: Pskov State University
Address: Russian Federation, Pskov
Olga Alekseeva
Occupation: PhD student of the Department of Geography
Affiliation: Pskov State University
Address: Russian Federation, Pskov
Ivan Ivanov
Occupation: Junior Researcher, Research Laboratory for Cross-Regional and Trans-Border Studies
Affiliation: Pskov State University
Address: Russian Federation, Pskov
Bogdan Vladykin
Occupation: PhD student of the Department of Geography
Affiliation: Pskov State University
Address: Russian Federation, Pskov
Journal namePskov Journal of Regional Studies
EditionVolume 20. No4/2024
Pages68-83
Abstract

The Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia have been experiencing negative demographic dynamics for a long time, which is associated with both their high natural decline and assimilation by Slavic ethnic groups. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the dynamics of the contact zone between the Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples in the north-east of the European part of Russia between the 2010 and 2021 population censuses. Statistical and cartographic methods were used, as well as techniques developed during the implementation of the project to study ethnic contact zones. The study revealed the presence of an almost single belt formed by the contact zone between the Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples in the north-east of European Russia. This belt stretches from the Northern Cis-Urals to the Volga Upland, but has two gaps, the largest of which is formed by the territory of the Chuvash Republic. Two dominant types of dynamics of the Slavic-Finno-Ugric contact zone were identified. Both types are characterized by an increase in the share of Slavic peoples. The first type, where the Finno-Ugric peoples still outnumber the Slavs, is represented mainly in the Finno-Ugric republics. The second type, where the share of Slavs is higher and the contact zone is dissolving, is found both in the republics themselves and beyond. There are isolated areas where the share of the Finno-Ugric population has grown. Mordovia was the leader in the number of such areas, the Mari El and Komi republics were noticeably behind it, and there was only one such area in Udmurtia.

Keywordsethnodemography, ethnic contact zones, ethnic contact index, Pre-Urals, Ural-Volga region, Finno-Ugrians, Slavs
AcknowledgmentThe study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation within project No. 23-17-00005 “Ethnic contact zones in the post-Soviet space: genesis, typology, conflict potential”.
Received07.09.2024
Publication date14.11.2024
Number of characters22594
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1 Введение. Финно-угорские народы России в течение длительного времени испытывают отрицательную демографическую динамику, одной из главных причин которой является ассимиляция со стороны славянских этносов. А. Ю. Орлов [21] в процессе изучения этноассимиляционных процессов в Приволжском федеральном округе осуществил классификацию основных народов региона по интенсивности процессов смены этнической идентичности. Мордва, удмурты и коми-пермяки образовали группу значительно ассимилируемых народов с высоким уровнем межэтнической брачности [21, с. 135]. Марийцы отличаются несколько меньшей подверженности ассимиляции, по уровню межэтнической брачности они оказались в одной категории с чувашами — тюркоязычным, н при этом православным народом. В целом же, даже на фоне соседних татар и башкир финно-угорские народы Урало-Поволжья характеризуются достаточно высокой подверженностью ассимиляционным процессам со стороны русского населения. Вместе с высокой естественной убылью это ведёт к быстрому сокращению численности финно-угорских народов.
2 Демографическая динамика и расселение финно-угорских народов изучается на разных территориальных уровнях. Много исследований посвящено анализу демографического развития финно-угорских народов в мире [19; 32] и Российской Федерации [9; 10; 12]. Кроме того, рассматривается расселение и динамика численности отдельных финно-угорских народов на территории России [7; 11]. Второй территориальный уровень таких исследований — Урало-Поволжский регион [17; 23; 26; 30], третий — отдельные субъекты Российской Федерации, причём не только финно-угорские республики Урало-Поволжья [11], но и соседние с ними республики Татарстан [27] и Башкортостан [20; 22; 31], а также преимущественно русские регионы [8].
3 Нужно отметить, что крайне редко изучение этнодемографических процессов осуществляется на районном (муниципальном) или ещё более низком территориальном уровне (например, в работах [6; 18; 33]). И таких исследований пока не проводилось в пределах северо-востока Европейской России, где финно-угорские народы проживают не только в своих республиках, но и в соседних регионах, причём в некоторых из них образует достаточно большие территориальные массивы с повышенной долей в населении.
4 Целью исследования является выявление особенностей динамики территориальной структуры контактной зоны между славянскими и финно-угорскими народами на северо-востоке Европейской России в период между переписями населения 2010 и 2021 гг.
5 В качестве информационной базы исследования выступает этническая статистика на уровне муниципальных образований по итогам переписей населения 2010 и 2021 гг., представленная на сайте Федеральной службы государственной статистики1. Также использованы данные сайтов региональных отделений Росстата. 1. Федеральная служба государственной статистики. [Электронный ресурс]: https://rosstat.gov.ru/perepisi_naseleniya (дата обращения: 10.08.2024).

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